The Comparative Study of Mari Evans and Forough Farrokhzad’s Selected Poems: A New Historic Outlook

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 PhD. Student of English Literature, Department of English Language and Literature, NT.C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of English Language and Literature, Department of English Language, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of English Language and Literature, Department of English Language, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.30465/lir.2025.9517
چکیده
Extensive interest in the field of comparative literary studies emerged in the early decades of the nineteenth century with the main focus of comparing similarities in perspectives and variations in beliefs which congregate or rupture world views, representing human thought. It is the objective of the present study to analyze and compare the components which yield to the New Historical analysis of two literary pieces to discover the existing nuances related to the artists’ socio-cultural milieu and to illustrate how this mirrors personality development in their poetry. For this means, two poems have been chosen: “I Am a Black Woman” from Mari Evans, a contemporary African-American poetess, and “Farewell” from Forough Farrokhzad, the influential, modernist Iranian artist. Results will indicate how the views of the two poets differ from one another in regard to the relationship between identity formation and the role that episteme plays in this process. Inevitably, there will be concern about the influence of zeitgeist in imagery production since literary work is the doings of historical-socio-cultural discourses as much as creative imagination.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Berlin, Ira (2004). “American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice”. The Journal of American History, Vol. 90, No.4. pp. 1251-1268, https:// www.jstor.org/stable/ 3660347
Bill of Rights Institute. https: // billofrightsinstitute.org>essays>background
Bressler, Charles E. (1994). Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall  Inc. pp. 127-135.
Darznik, Jasmin (2006). “Forugh Farrokhzad: Her Poetry, Life and Legacy”. The Women’s Review of Book, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 21-23. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4024659
Dorsey, David (1984). “The Art of Mari Evans” in Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation, Mari Evans (ed.). Anchor Press, pp. 170-189.
Douglas, Robert L. (2008). Resistance, Insurgence and Identity: The Art of Mari Evans, Nelson Stevens and the Black Arts Movement. African World Press Inc. pp. 83-180
Dominguez, Cesar, Haun Saussy and Dario Villanueva (2015). Introducing Comparative Literature: New Trends and Applications. London: Routledge, pp. 5-6.
Evans, Mari (1970). I Am a Black Woman. New York: William Morrow and Company Inc.
Farrokhzad, Forough (1971). “Veda” in Asir. https://ketabnak.com/book/57401/%D8%D8%A7% D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1
Foucault, Michel (1966). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Paris: Gallimard.
Foucault, Michel (1972). “The Discourse on Language” in The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon.
Foucault, Michel (2002). The Archaeology of Knowledge. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. London: Routledge.
Ghasemi, Parvin and Farideh Pourgiv (2010). “Captivity, Confrontation and Self-Empowerment: Identity in Forugh Farrokhzad’s Poetry. Routledge: 19:5, pp. 759-774. DOI:10.1080/09612025. 2010.509161
Guttmann, Allen (1969).  “Protest against the War in Vietnam”. American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.382, pp. 56-63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1037114
Henderson, Stephen (1973). Understanding the New Black Poetry. New York: William Morrow& Company Inc.
Hillmann, Michael (1987). A Lonely Woman: Forugh Farrokhzad and Her Poetry. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Hoover, Dwight W (1992). “The New Historicism”. The History Teacher: Vol. 25, No. 3. pp.355-366. https://www.jstor.org/stable494247.
Klages, Mary (2006). Literary Theory: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York.
Kojoori-Saatchi, Autoosa Elizabeth (2010). “The Culture of Revolution: Revolutionary Transformation in Iran”. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers and Capstones 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/2153789
Krause,Monika (2019). “What Is Zeitgeist? Examining Perios-Specific Cultural Patterns”. Poetic, Vol. 76, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.02.003
Li, Feng & Yitzhak Lewis (2021). “Fables Agreed Upon: A Comparative Study of New Historicism and Alternate History. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 42(1), pp. 150-166.
Matthews, Kristin L. (2011). “Neither Inside Nor Outside: Mari Evans, the Black Aesthetic and the Canon”. CEA Critic, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 34-54. https//www.jstor.org/stable/44378442
Metzler, J.B. (2010). Martin Middeke, Timo Muller, Christina Wald, Hubert Zapf (eds.). English and American Studies: Theory and Practice. Springer: Vortag GmbH Deutschland.
Pishbin, Shaahin (2017). “Forough Farrokhzad and the Persian Literary Canon”. Iran Namag, Vol. 1, No. 4. XXIV-LI.
Sedghi, Hamideh (2007). Women and Politics in Iran: Veiling, Unveiling and Reveiling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tilakan, K. Neethu (2018). “Farrokhzad the Iconoclast: A New Wave in the Visual and Literary Art of Iran”. International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, Vol.6, Issue 1, pp. 385-388.
Yadegari, Tahereh (2014). “From Modernization of Daniel Lerner (1950s) to Present Day Modernization of Tehran, Iran”. International Journal of Research and Review. Anthropology Department, Hyderabad Central University, India.
Wang,Yucchuan (1999). Literary Theory of Postcolonialism & New Historicism. Ji’nan Shandong Education Press.
Wolpe, Sholeh (2007). Forugh Farrokhzad. University of Arkansas Press. Doi: 10.2307/ j.ctt1ffjm51.6.