Literary interdisciplinary research
Effat Neghabi; Mohammadreza Tusi
Abstract
The present study, with an interdisciplinary view of literature and cognitive sciences, is dedicated to the study of the metaphorical conceptualization of the emotions of love and sadness in the Persian poems by Mulla Mohammad Fozuli Baghdadi. The issue of this research is what metaphors do Fozuli's ...
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The present study, with an interdisciplinary view of literature and cognitive sciences, is dedicated to the study of the metaphorical conceptualization of the emotions of love and sadness in the Persian poems by Mulla Mohammad Fozuli Baghdadi. The issue of this research is what metaphors do Fozuli's Persian poems contain in the field of conceptualizing the said feelings? By examining the number of 5814 poems from Fozuli's Farsi poems it was found that 122 of metaphorical expressions of sadness and 107 of metaphorical expressions in the field of love were included. The conceptual metaphors of emotions in the poems are a reflection of the mentality and type of thinking of its creator, as well as the socio-cultural context of its metaphors. The findings of this research indicate that the emotions of love and sadness in Baghdadi's poems have similarities and differences with the realms of the metaphorical source of Kovecess (2000). The similarity of the metaphorical realms in the metaphorical conceptualization of emotions is a proof of the universal hypothesis of conceptual metaphors. The differences in the metaphorical origin realms in terms of Kovecess and Fozouli are also caused by the cultural beliefs of the specific social and cultural group of Baghdadi.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Soheila Nourbakhsh Beidokhti; Farangis Farhood
Abstract
In cognitive linguistics, the meaning of linguistic units is determined by the context of use and meaning interpretation is a dynamic process referred to as conceptualization. The conceptualizers are actively involved in this process through developing some on-line mental representations called mental ...
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In cognitive linguistics, the meaning of linguistic units is determined by the context of use and meaning interpretation is a dynamic process referred to as conceptualization. The conceptualizers are actively involved in this process through developing some on-line mental representations called mental spaces (Fauconnier,1997). Thus these mental spaces and blended spaces derived from them contribute to making sense of complex ideas people perceive through language. Focusing on conceptualizers as the major sources of meaning, cognitive linguistics has proved to be a practical and efficient framework to analyze literary texts. The aim of the present article is to show how the people interpret literary narratives through generating mental spaces. The study tries to give a descriptive-analytic account of two narratives namely the restatement of one part of Kave-e-Ahangar story in Shahnameh and a fable in resale-e-delgosha, two works representing tragic and comic narration respectively. This research used space builders as clues to specify the micro and macro level mental spaces of two narratives. The analysis also revealed that two main conceptual blends would merge in a narrative: emotive and non-emotive that one of them might be dominant in a specific literary genre.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Majid Hushangi
Abstract
The role of commentators and expounders in understanding, structuring, interpreting, categorizing, and finally, dynamizing and applying the intellectual data of philosophers has a secondary and sometimes equal position with the thinkers themselves. Meanwhile, the French philosopher and thinker Gilles ...
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The role of commentators and expounders in understanding, structuring, interpreting, categorizing, and finally, dynamizing and applying the intellectual data of philosophers has a secondary and sometimes equal position with the thinkers themselves. Meanwhile, the French philosopher and thinker Gilles Deleuze, by readout and analyzing the thought system of Nietzsche and others, has succeeded in creating and giving birth to new theories in the field of thought. He developed the generality of conceptual personality from the adaptation of the narrative system of Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche, and other authors, and he believed that a figure such as Zoroaster was a conceptual figure constructed by Nietzsche by his components and characteristics. On the other hand, in analyzing the data and specs that Deleuze expresses in explaining the perceptual personality, Rumi's Shams can also be considered as having this capacity and capability, so in a comparative view, and analyze them in a usual common kinship. Therefore, this research cum an analytical-descriptive system using Deleuze's theoretical basis, analyzes these two personalities in the framework of conceptual personality theory, and eventually infers that both Rumi's Shams and Nietzsche's Zarathustra are from an intellectual source. In the personality framework, a concept created that both arise from the principle of imitation, mask, and transhistorical matter and have the characteristics of influence, relativity, and dynamism in this philosophical and narrative construction.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Motahareh Azadi khah; Maryam Amir arjomand; Mandana Hashemi
Abstract
The purpose and meaning of life is currently one of the most difficult and important questions for human beings. Today, answering this question and addressing this issue is felt more than ever. Victor Frankl is a theorist who has answered this question through his difficult experiences. In his doctrine, ...
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The purpose and meaning of life is currently one of the most difficult and important questions for human beings. Today, answering this question and addressing this issue is felt more than ever. Victor Frankl is a theorist who has answered this question through his difficult experiences. In his doctrine, which is called "meaning therapy", he has tried to remind human that everyone should discover a meaning in his life and institution so that he can overcome hardships and avoid emptiness and despair. Frankel believes that purpose and meaning should be such that even the most difficult moments of life are meaningful. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of meaning therapy in the poetry of two contemporary poets, Shamloo and the Third Brotherhood, and to compare the views of these two poets on the meaning of life in order to provide solutions to the meaning of life. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method; In this way, first three important components of this theory are explained and then in the poetry of Shamloo and the Third Brotherhood are studied and compared. The statistical population in this research is a complete collection of works of two poets. The result of this research shows that Shamloo has accepted the three components of love, suffering and death and has found meaning to continue living from each of them; And unlike him, the Third Brotherhood suffers from an existential vacuum and is constantly in revolt against his life.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Mansoor Pirani; Marzieh Salimian
Abstract
The health, education and success of children in today's world is one of the most important issues in families, educational environment, culture and children's literature, which is reflected in stories, animations and other literary genres. The importance of this issue led to the study of children's ...
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The health, education and success of children in today's world is one of the most important issues in families, educational environment, culture and children's literature, which is reflected in stories, animations and other literary genres. The importance of this issue led to the study of children's literary works with a psychological approach. For this purpose, stories were studied; Among them, the story "I am not my daddy’s servant" written by Ahmad Akbarpour was chosen to clearly reflect this important point. The story narrates the problems of the life of a child named Davood, many of whose characteristics as the main character of the story reflect the personality of loving people based on the threefold division of Carnorhorney and compatible with his theory of psychoanalysis. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, intends to identify and introduce the conflict of affection, to examine the main character of this story and to analyze her personality angles, which is a reflection of the characteristics of a loving person. The purpose of this article is to study the dimensions of benevolence and provide a solution to sublimate this important issue.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Abolfazl Horri
Abstract
This paper lays emphasis on the role of interdisciplinary and cultural studies in explaining comparative literature. Here, some issues are raised. First, literature is not limited to written texts and all types of written and non-written texts are possible. Second, we do not have a precise definition ...
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This paper lays emphasis on the role of interdisciplinary and cultural studies in explaining comparative literature. Here, some issues are raised. First, literature is not limited to written texts and all types of written and non-written texts are possible. Second, we do not have a precise definition of comparative literature as a "discipline," that is, a system of study. Third, in addition to disciplinary studies, there is also discussion of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, postdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary studies. The debate is when and how can comparative literature become a cultural study? This paper tries to briefly point out some issues related to the connection between cultural studies, interdisciplinary, and comparative literature and explain the relationship between them. Hence, first the background is mentioned, and then the theoretical foundations of the discussion are explained. Different definitions of culture are also mentioned, and interdisciplinary discussions related to cultural studies and comparative literature are reviewed. An attempt is then made to review the interdisciplinary issues of comparative literature as a discipline. This paper is an introduction to the discussion of the relationship between comparative literature and other arts.
Literary interdisciplinary research
maryam dorpar
Abstract
این پژوهش مطالعهای بینامتنی است که به بررسی وجوه همانندی بوف کور بهعنوان آغازگر داستان مدرن فارسی و نقاشی انتزاعی/آبستره واسیلی کاندینسکی و چگونگی کارکرد لایۀ حسی- ...
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این پژوهش مطالعهای بینامتنی است که به بررسی وجوه همانندی بوف کور بهعنوان آغازگر داستان مدرن فارسی و نقاشی انتزاعی/آبستره واسیلی کاندینسکی و چگونگی کارکرد لایۀ حسی- ادراکی در آنها میپردازد. این مشابهت را بین صحنة آغازین بوف کور و شروع هنر انتزاعی واسیلی کاندینسکی (زادة 1866. مسکو) که خود او توصیف نموده، نشان میدهد؛ با هدف مطالعۀ بوف کور بهعنوان یک «درونمتن» یعنی متنی که حضور متون دیگر را منعکس میکند. کاندینسکی، که یکی از آغازگران هنر انتزاعی است، از معروفترین و اثرگذارترین هنرمندان سدة بیستم است و صادق هدایت نیز نویسندهای مشهور در ادبیات ایران و جهان است. نتایج پژوهش مشابهتی را درشروع آفرینش هنر کلامی (داستان بوف کور) و خلق هنر دیداری (نقاشی کاندینسکی) نشان میدهد که حرکت به سوی انتزاع را رقم میزند. این حرکت در هر دو هنر با مکاشفهای آغاز میشود که نور در آن نقش اساسی دارد و در هر دو، آنچه برای سوژه لذتبخش است، دور شدن از واقعیت است و این امر ریشه در وجه انتقادی بوف کور و هنر کاندینسکی دارد.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Mohammad Ali Rezaei
Abstract
The study of Kello's character in Suvashun's story is the main issue of this article that anxiety and aggression due to being away from the rural family and his favorite environment and uses psychological defense mechanisms against Yousef and his family Which is consistent with Karen Horney's theory. ...
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The study of Kello's character in Suvashun's story is the main issue of this article that anxiety and aggression due to being away from the rural family and his favorite environment and uses psychological defense mechanisms against Yousef and his family Which is consistent with Karen Horney's theory. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of childhood and the environment of growth and education on the formation of the future personality of the child. The main question is how does the child feel helpless because of the feeling of insecurity and lack of true love and there is no other way but to choose opposition? The method of the article is to achieve specific goals and results in a descriptive-analytical manner and the results of the research show that Kello suffers from a lot of anxiety due to the lack of psychological security in childhood, Which provides the background for neurosis and also causes personality transformation; and finally, one of Karen Horney's favorite personality types is revealed in him.
Literary interdisciplinary research
somayeh rezaee; Jafar fasaee
Abstract
Literature and especially stories written for children, if written based on a correct understanding of childish personality and spirits and childhood psychology, can not only help meet some of the child's needs, but also strengthen children's ability to meet their needs. Have an effective role in this ...
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Literature and especially stories written for children, if written based on a correct understanding of childish personality and spirits and childhood psychology, can not only help meet some of the child's needs, but also strengthen children's ability to meet their needs. Have an effective role in this and help the parents and educators of the child.Since the needs of fictional characters shape and direct their behaviors and such story events occur and in fact the arousal of a need creates instability in the storyline, one can analyze fictional characters in children's stories and finally explain the aspect according to Glaser theory. The treatment and the effectiveness of the stories on the personality and improving the mental health of the child audience.In this study, in order to achieve this goal, selected fiction works (authorship and translation) (works that have won the most awards) in the period 1300-1390, based on the book of lasting leaves (about 145 stories), were selected. After selecting the works, fictional characters (main and secondary) were extracted in all stories; Then, the needs of the characters in the story were explained and what choices lead to the arousal of these needs and what effect the type of choice of the characters has on their destiny, and then a comparison was made between the five needs.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Ali Reza Shabanlou
Abstract
زبان شناسان شناختی، استعاره را ابزاری شناختی میدانند که بواسطة چیزی متعارف و تجربی، چیزی دیگر را میشناسیم. از نظر آنان استعاره در سراسر زندگی روزمره و نه تنها در زبان، ...
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زبان شناسان شناختی، استعاره را ابزاری شناختی میدانند که بواسطة چیزی متعارف و تجربی، چیزی دیگر را میشناسیم. از نظر آنان استعاره در سراسر زندگی روزمره و نه تنها در زبان، که در اندیشه و عمل ما جاری است و نظام مفهومی معمول ما که در چارچوب آن میاندیشیم و عمل میکنیم، ماهیتی اساساً استعاری دارد. آنان مدّعیاند در نظریههای سنتی، به رابطة استعاره با تفکر توجّه نشده است؛ بلکه فقط به تعابیر زبانی استعارهها در شعر و ادبیات توجه کردهاند و بین زبان روزمره و زبان ادبی تمایز نهادهاند. از این رو تعریف جدید را در تقابل با استعارة زبانی، استعارة مفهومی نامیدند که دارای ویژگیهای چون یکسویگی نگاشت و اصل تغییر ناپذیری است و به انواعی چون استعاره متعارف و بدیعی و تصویری تقسیم میشود. در این مقاله، نظریة استعاره مفهومی و برخی از تناقضهای درونی آن را نقد کردهایم که برخی از نتایج عبارتند از: شناخت و فهم استعاری نیست بلکه قیاسی است؛ استعاره مبتنی بر شباهت است و تغییر ناپذیری اصل معتبری نیست.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Shirzad Tayefi; Somayyeh Ghorbanpoor Delivand
Abstract
In a world where interaction and confrontation with others and strangers and coexistence with him is an undeniable truth, providing a solution to implement the safest and most peaceful ways of interaction and coexistence is the view of all intercultural thinkers with their different approaches. According ...
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In a world where interaction and confrontation with others and strangers and coexistence with him is an undeniable truth, providing a solution to implement the safest and most peaceful ways of interaction and coexistence is the view of all intercultural thinkers with their different approaches. According to intercultural thinkers, these practices go hand in hand with how one understands oneself. The reflection of the behaviors of each culture towards foreign cultures is a criterion for analyzing the worldview of cultures in relation to each other, which flows in different languages, beliefs, customs, laws and, in general, different cultures. Poetry and art, also, because they are a reflection of the realities of the world, can be considered as a good source for examining the kind of understanding of the truth of another essence in a culture and its perception in the face of a foreign culture. In this study, by examining Shafi'i Kadkani's collection of poems "A Child Called Happiness", the poet's view of another, alien, understanding and other ways of interacting with it from the analogous hermeneutic perspective of property, Kimmerle's multifaceted and all-round dialogue and polylogue Weimer has been examined. Research findings indicate that the importance of presence, appreciating of identity, interaction and fellowship while preserving one's own identity in an Islamic society and understanding the differences between self and stranger, are prominent themes of the collection of poems "A child called happiness" and in line with the ideals of cross-cultural hermeneutic thinkers.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Elahe Feizi Moghaddam; Mohammad Aref; MohamadReza Sharif Zadeh
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is the hypertextual study of the compound metamorphosis myths in Bahram Beyzai's plays based on the theory of Gérard Genette. Hypertextuality is one of the types of Genette' transtextuality, which represents the connection between two texts. This theory expresses the ...
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The purpose of this paper is the hypertextual study of the compound metamorphosis myths in Bahram Beyzai's plays based on the theory of Gérard Genette. Hypertextuality is one of the types of Genette' transtextuality, which represents the connection between two texts. This theory expresses the effectiveness and derivation of the hypotext on the hypertext and includes two basic types, imitation and transformation. The compound metamorphosis myths are considered to be one of the most important surprising elements in the literature. In metamorphosis, creatures transform from one form to another and in the combined structure, creatures are represented as a composite of humans, animals, etc. Literature is considered as the origin of the presence of myths which both impress mutually on each other. This connection provides an opportunity to study them with respect to the theory of hypertextuality. The results of this study reveal that these creatures exist in eighteen plays written by Beyzai, and their existence is inspired by mythological literature, folk tales and heroic poems. In the process of turning mythological narratives into plays, Beyzai has been loyal to the main themes and has often used them directly. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical, and based on the qualitative content analysis, the features of the compound metamorphosis creatures have been identified in Beyzai's plays and according to the theory of hypertextuality, the interactions of the plays with ancient literature have been studied.
Literary interdisciplinary research
hashem karami; nasrin aliakbary; zaniar naghshbandi
Abstract
Our conceptual systems that we think about have a metaphorical structure that appears as conceptual metaphors in human culture, art, and customs, and this can be discussed in the discussion of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphors objectify mental matters and evaluate the attitudes of poets and ...
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Our conceptual systems that we think about have a metaphorical structure that appears as conceptual metaphors in human culture, art, and customs, and this can be discussed in the discussion of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphors objectify mental matters and evaluate the attitudes of poets and writers in different areas of this category. One of these abstract concepts is time. The present research has been done in line with this issue and based on the mentioned theory, in which the concept under discussion in the works of Mohammad Javad Mohabbat and Parto Kermanshahi has been analyzed. In the works of the mentioned poets, time becomes objective in different ways, Kermanshahi ray sees time as a bloody human being and Mohammad Javad Mohabbat sees time as a generous human being, the view of two poets on the category of time in the discussion of zoology They are also very close to each other and look at time with a negative view. Sometimes time appears as a curtain in their poems and sometimes as countable objects; they refer to time as an enclosed space, with different attitudes. This research has been done with a descriptive-analytical method in which, while objectifying the concept of time, we have explained and interpreted the commonalities and differences of different fields for the audience. Findings show that the view of Mohammad Javad Mohabbat and Parto Kermanshahi in objectifying the concept of time with nature is also prominent, but in all cases above,
Literary interdisciplinary research
Asiyeh Zabihnia Emran
Abstract
The present paper deals with the review of the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch (2006) of Daultabadi (1940) within the framework of the Theory of Stigma of Erving Goffman propounded in the Reconstruction of the Lost Identity (1963). In the light of the theory of Goffman, one is tended to discuss the relations ...
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The present paper deals with the review of the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch (2006) of Daultabadi (1940) within the framework of the Theory of Stigma of Erving Goffman propounded in the Reconstruction of the Lost Identity (1963). In the light of the theory of Goffman, one is tended to discuss the relations of men in their daily life. The novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch narrates the story of a rural woman named “Morgan” in a remote village called “Zeminj”. She tries to protect her family after the sudden disappearance of her husband “Soluch”. In the process, she and her children bear several types of oppressions- physical, sexual, psychological and emotional, and brunts of indignity, sedition and disloyalty. The present paper , on the basis of the analytical, psychological theory , responds to the fundamental question that which element of the Theory of Stigma of Goffman is more applicable to the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch ? On the basis of the result of the research , the most prominent Stigma, in the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch, appears in terms of non-identity , insecurity and hardship, stigma of non-credibility , feeling of adversity and ignominy and the impulse to avenge, harboring malice which torment Morgan more than anything else. Morgan is a woman oppressed and tormented who is under the tight grip of destiny. Daultabadi unfolds the story of Morgan which has found way in a blind alley and she is feeling the crisis of identity and tormention. She , with the passage of time and unable to realize the goal of life, yields to dejection , anxiety and depression in life and Daultabadi portrays more the blind alley of life into which Morgan has entered into his novel and he describes it at length.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Issa Soleimani; Mohammad Hossein Javari
Abstract
Any writer preoccupied with politics, history and power unconsciously echoes them in his/her works as it has happened to Houshang Golshiri’s works. Golshiri was a writer who used to study authentic sources about the history of Iran and took advantage of intertextual methods when reading ancient ...
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Any writer preoccupied with politics, history and power unconsciously echoes them in his/her works as it has happened to Houshang Golshiri’s works. Golshiri was a writer who used to study authentic sources about the history of Iran and took advantage of intertextual methods when reading ancient texts all of which along with his political points of view are seen into his writings.Political and Marxist criticism is inspired by works of Marx and Engels who have influenced almost all twentieth century’s political critics. Even the works of Iran’s literary worthies like Hafez and Ferdowsi could be read from political perspectives. Golshiri, interested in the works of Hafez and Ferdowsi, and almost their disciple, has written political works. When reading his works carefully, we will find between the lines that he is one of the most political Iranian authors. The purpose of this article is to show that Golshiri’s works can be read from political as well as intertextual perceptive. Intertextuality is a concept derived from the works of Russian Formalists especially Mikhail Bakhtin, a political writer and thinker. Intertextuality has a wide range of meanings and is open to debate among critics such as Kristeva, Gennet, and Barthes. This paper, however, focuses mostly on Mark Angeno’s intertextual perspective, because it invites the literary production into a network of interactions of social discourses. This approach takes a fresh look at the importance of literary works in a symbolic way and sheds light on these interactions in a political society.
Literary interdisciplinary research
alireza azizi yousefkand; bahman namvarmotlahg
Abstract
Corona is an unknown virus that transcends all natural and human boundaries and affects artists around the world. Kurdish artists have not been unaffected by this and have reflected this in their works. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the consequences of Corona, in ﭼﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ...
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Corona is an unknown virus that transcends all natural and human boundaries and affects artists around the world. Kurdish artists have not been unaffected by this and have reflected this in their works. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the consequences of Corona, in ﭼﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ one of its main., As an art in the works of Kurdish artists from the perspective of Gaston Bashlar's imaginative critique. In order to analyze the work of art, Bashlar pays attention to the author's imagination and uses the main and basic elements of the world (water, air, soil and fire) as the basis for recognizing the work of art and the artist's imagination because he believes that imagination is formed based on material forms. This research is qualitative in nature and is a descriptive-analytical research method. Also, information and data were collected using written sources and libraries, field, as well as the global information network (Internet) and seeks to answer the question: the impact of the Corona pandemic and the resulting atmosphere on Kurdish artists selected in this study and How have their works been? In this regard, first, by organizing a call and broadcasting it in cyberspace and society, communicating with artists in the field, etc., a total of 290 works in different artistic formats and with a focus on corona were collected. Then, according to the quality of the works collected in a purposeful way, the works of each artist from each Kurdish country "Iran, Iraq, Syria" were selected and the works of these three selected artists were analyzed from the perspective of Bashlar's theory. The results showed that the selected artists in this study referred more to their inner space and their works of this period tended more towards introversion and inner concerns of the artist and the direct reflection of Covid 19's effects in human society was less reflected in the works of these artists.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Ali Ghaderi; Shahin Ghazaee; Pedram Lalbakhsh
Abstract
It seems that nowadays, the world is sinking into a political and cultural state of nonchalance, and the citizens of the world have accepted Thatcher’s famous axiom: “there is no alternative” to the neoliberal order. Under such circumstances, it is imperative for the researchers in ...
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It seems that nowadays, the world is sinking into a political and cultural state of nonchalance, and the citizens of the world have accepted Thatcher’s famous axiom: “there is no alternative” to the neoliberal order. Under such circumstances, it is imperative for the researchers in the field of interdisciplinary studies to revisit the sociopolitical role of cinema and literature as two key media shaping cultural paradigms. In other words, late capitalism has tremendous power to assimilate the cultural forces that oppose it through employing media. Moreover, mainstream cinema and literature often carry the axioms of the world order’s status quo, consolidate the dominant ideology, and shape artistic imagination. Focusing on superhero narratives, Superman franchises in particular, the present article attempts to analyze the role of cinema and literature in producing and reproducing the status quo and then narrows down the discussion to the most recent adaptation of a comic book: Superman: Red Son (2020). Afterward, we will argue that mainstream adaptations usually fortify the dominant hegemony. However, they sometimes have been the principal arenas of waging war against the status quo and have challenged its hegemony too. Investigating the contradictory role of these two media becomes more significant in a world that seems to be facing a cultural and political deadlock. This article concludes that literature and cinema in today’s world can offer ways to criticize and overcome reproducing mainstream, stale ideas.
Literary interdisciplinary research
nowrooz nimroozi
Abstract
The present study is an interdisciplinary study of literature, history and sociology and its purpose is to study the administrative structure of the Qajar era based on the Sala Riggs model among the literary and historical sources of this period. The question of this article, which is based on a descriptive-analytical ...
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The present study is an interdisciplinary study of literature, history and sociology and its purpose is to study the administrative structure of the Qajar era based on the Sala Riggs model among the literary and historical sources of this period. The question of this article, which is based on a descriptive-analytical method; That is, what is the administrative system of this period based on the data derived from literary sources (Ibrahim Bey's travelogue, Ahmad's book and Akhundzadeh allegories) and historical (Nasserite news facts and my biography) of the Qajar era, considering the components of Sala Riggs model? An overview of literary and historical sources of this era shows that due to the delay in the formation of the national government in Iran and as a result of the delay in the development of the administrative system as a tool and administrative machine of the government, modern components of the Salariges model have the necessary historical presence No, but we are faced with a combination of the presence of traditional and modern components, while dominating the traditional components. The final result is that, by reviewing the literary and historical works of the Qajar era, we can say that the situation of the administrative system in Iran, especially in the Qajar period, considering the cultural, social and historical background of Iranian society and the presence of two Russian and British foreign powers. And were administrative in Iran; It is more in line with the pathological components of the Sala Riggs model.
Literary interdisciplinary research
mehdi sabzevari
Abstract
This paper will study the concept of American exceptionalism which defines America as an exception to the rest of the world has been depicted in different novels and media in two different American novels. The analysis based on the actantial Discourse which is a semiotic one could shed more light on ...
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This paper will study the concept of American exceptionalism which defines America as an exception to the rest of the world has been depicted in different novels and media in two different American novels. The analysis based on the actantial Discourse which is a semiotic one could shed more light on this concept in the contemporary American literature .According to this concept, America is exceptional in life style and it can be considered as a role model politically, economically, artistically etc. for the rest of the world. Therefore America will be a symbol of free and prosperous life and democracy. This American exceptionalism could be followed in two novels: Terrorist (2006) by Updike and Expensive People (1972) by Oates. Although these two novels present American exceptionalism in two different perspectives, the basic concept can be traced in both novels. This paper will read two novels through semiotic analysis of the actantial Discourse in a broader concept in literature.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Ali Salami; Midia Mohammadi
Abstract
A Dance of the Forests (1960) and Death and the King's Horseman (1975) are two plays by the Nigerian Nobel Prize winner, Wole Soyinka who has gained a large amount of reputation for his idiosyncratic expression of abhorrence towards Western colonialism through depicting native people's life situations ...
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A Dance of the Forests (1960) and Death and the King's Horseman (1975) are two plays by the Nigerian Nobel Prize winner, Wole Soyinka who has gained a large amount of reputation for his idiosyncratic expression of abhorrence towards Western colonialism through depicting native people's life situations and their conflicts with the Western colonizers. He also repudiates nostalgic view of the past and in A Dance of the Forests revealed his premonition of the forthcoming internal colonialism which was a consequence of exalting the past in a prejudicial manner. Frantz Fanon, the influential French psychiatrist and political philosopher, put colonialism under scrutiny in his writing and analysed its various political forms and psychological consequences. This article gives the two aforementioned plays of Soyinka a close reading through the eye borrowed from Fanon to detect in the relation of these two texts and the existing post-colonial conflicts and ambivalences in them.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Ali Eshghi Sardehi
Abstract
The famous German sociologist Max Weber, by introducing the theory of social action, simplified the study of the degree of rationality in social actions. Weber and later his followers and like-minded people, by examined and categories of the four social actions, determined level of rationality in these ...
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The famous German sociologist Max Weber, by introducing the theory of social action, simplified the study of the degree of rationality in social actions. Weber and later his followers and like-minded people, by examined and categories of the four social actions, determined level of rationality in these actions. Iranian playwright Akbar Radi in "Staircase" play examines a part of this theory called goal-oriented action. The theory of social mobility or the ascent of a person from one social stratum to another is also explained by showing the life of Bolbol, a traveling fruit seller. In this play, the Bolbol becomes a wealthy construction contractor by resorting to theft, lying, breaking the covenant, forming a pressure group, bribery, and even unintentional murder. In the process of this social mobility, in addition to elements such as culture, alienation and the desire for promotion, and struggle and competition, phenomena such as suicide, dictatorship, migration and workers' strike are also discussed. The protagonist of the play of Akbar Radi, although he manages to improve his economic position, but due to abnormal social behaviors cannot change himself cultural position.
Literary interdisciplinary research
mortaza mardiha
Abstract
Abstract:Reason and love are two abstract nouns and like lots of this kind of nouns have been a kind of elastic concept. For longtime this resiliency have caused vast discussions concerning their essences and limits of meanings. Philosophers, mystics, and intellectuals have commented in some way for ...
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Abstract:Reason and love are two abstract nouns and like lots of this kind of nouns have been a kind of elastic concept. For longtime this resiliency have caused vast discussions concerning their essences and limits of meanings. Philosophers, mystics, and intellectuals have commented in some way for their demarcation. The great Persian poets have also used and introduced these concepts in different ways. This article is to follow the course of semantic changes of these two words in Shahnameh, Panj Ganj, and Masnavi. We found that Ferdowsi has used these two words in the meanings close to their usual applications; Nizami has represented romantic love at its most exciting level and has also had some primary and raw remarks about the transcendental reason (Aghl-e Kolli) and reason derived by revelation. Mowlavi has been in an outstanding manner as a groundbreaker in changing the implications of the concepts and attributed such spiritual and mystical meanings to them that they reach the borders of homonyms. That is why Mowlavi’s conceptions of reason and love, because of their untenable method were limited within a discourse of spiritual aristocracy while usual and practical usage of these words remained close to the approaches and symbols of Nizami and specially Ferdowsi
Literary interdisciplinary research
arefeh khammar zaboli; ali asghar habibi; mojtaba behroozi
Abstract
Psychologists have presented a variety of methods for recognizing relative personalities, each of which focuses on the subject. Ennea gram is one of these patterns of personality recognition in modern psychology, which has nine typology of personality: reformist, helper, successor, individualist and ...
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Psychologists have presented a variety of methods for recognizing relative personalities, each of which focuses on the subject. Ennea gram is one of these patterns of personality recognition in modern psychology, which has nine typology of personality: reformist, helper, successor, individualist and sad, thinker & curious, cautious, funny & entertaining, controlling, peaceful, by using it, one can identify the personality brigade of each person from the ninth typology of personality." Saud al-Sanousi" (1981), who is one of the contemporary Arabic writers. One of his most prominent novels is saq Al_ Bamboo (The Bamboo stalk), Which has put the issus of East Asian migrant workers in kuwait and their social crises and psychological problems as their main source of story. The present study attempts to use the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze the personality traits of the protagonist Issa of Al_ Bamboo (The Bamboo Stalk), based on the Ennea gram theory from three angles of typology, determining health levels, identifying the secondary type analysis. The results show that Issa has type four (individualistic and sad) and the secondary and complementary type is type five (thinker & curious). Also, Issa health level with 91 frequencies is at the level of health towards the unhealthy.
Literary interdisciplinary research
vahid sajjadifarfar
Abstract
Polulism is a component, which is mentioned in social sciences and politics. It emphasizes on the centrality of the peoples role and public will, withe the slogan of defending their lost rights against the predominant intellectual class. This action has influenced on authors minds and writings ...
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Polulism is a component, which is mentioned in social sciences and politics. It emphasizes on the centrality of the peoples role and public will, withe the slogan of defending their lost rights against the predominant intellectual class. This action has influenced on authors minds and writings in the field of Fiction, in different ways. Populism has positive features, but in most cases, because of the some deviations, takes on a completely negative face, to the extent that, this contradictory feedback is considered as the real features of Populism. Animal Farm by George Orwell is one of the bright manifestations of populistic social system in the field of Fiction, in which, the writer has modeled a democratic movement with a populistic face, by using Fabula (Fable) format and visualizing of simbolic animal features.In this analytical--comprative essay, the features of Populism in Animal Farm story are cosidered and their existance is proved. In addition, the procedure of changing of the feature functions and also modeling from a Populistic revolution is considered and explained.The results inducate that this story, visualizes a Populistic system in which, the positive Populism features , over time, turn into negative
