Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature. Literature Department. Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Payam Noor university. Yazd. Iran.

10.30465/lir.2022.39703.1453

Abstract

The present paper deals with the review of the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch (2006) of Daultabadi (1940) within the framework of the Theory of Stigma of Erving Goffman propounded in the Reconstruction of the Lost Identity (1963). In the light of the theory of Goffman, one is tended to discuss the relations of men in their daily life. The novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch narrates the story of a rural woman named “Morgan” in a remote village called “Zeminj”. She tries to protect her family after the sudden disappearance of her husband “Soluch”. In the process, she and her children bear several types of oppressions- physical, sexual, psychological and emotional, and brunts of indignity, sedition and disloyalty. The present paper , on the basis of the analytical, psychological theory , responds to the fundamental question that which element of the Theory of Stigma of Goffman is more applicable to the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch ? On the basis of the result of the research , the most prominent Stigma, in the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch, appears in terms of non-identity , insecurity and hardship, stigma of non-credibility , feeling of adversity and ignominy and the impulse to avenge, harboring malice which torment Morgan more than anything else. Morgan is a woman oppressed and tormented who is under the tight grip of destiny. Daultabadi unfolds the story of Morgan which has found way in a blind alley and she is feeling the crisis of identity and tormention. She , with the passage of time and unable to realize the goal of life, yields to dejection , anxiety and depression in life and Daultabadi portrays more the blind alley of life into which Morgan has entered into his novel and he describes it at length.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Anousheh, Hassan (1997). Dictionary of Persian Literature, Tehran: Organization of Printing and Publication. [In Persian]
Cheheltan, Amir Hassan & Fereydoun, Faryad (1994). We are also a Human, Tehran: Cheshmeh and Farhang Moaser Publications. [In Persian]
Cheheltan, Amir Hossein (1989).We are also a Human), A Conversation with Mahmoud Dolatabadi, Tehran: Parsi Publications. [In Persian]
Cheheltan, Amir Hossein (1989). We are also a Human, A Conversation with Mahmoud Dolatabadi, Tehran: Parsi Publications. [In Persian]
Drikvand, Mahin; Hossein Biranvand & Ismail Akbarinia (2015). " Labeling, Stigma ". National Conference on Futurology, Humanities and Development, Shiraz: Center for the Development of Modern Education in Iran. [In Persian]
Dolatabadi, Mahmoud (2007). “Missing Soluch” Tehran: Cheshmeh and Farhang Moaser Publications. [In Persian]
Erfani, Samal (2008). "Introduction and critique of the book: Stigma, A solution to the lost Identity". Social Science Book Magazine. No. 5, New Volume, August. Pp. 58-61. [In Persian]
Hosseini, Maryam; Salarkia, Mozdeh. (2012). "Analysis of the novel Tibetan Dream through the Theatrical Metaphor of Goffman's Theory". Journal of Literary Text Studies. No. 53, Fall, pp. 81-108. [In Persian]
Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1369) Hot Stigma. Translated by Simin Daneshvar, and the fourth, Tehran: Kharazmi.
Ishaqian, Javad (1999).“Epic Behavior and Love in Kelidar” Tehran: Paya Publications. [In Persian]
Fine, Gary Allen (1995). A Second School of Chicago? The Development of Sociology after Chicago War in American, University of Chicago Press.
Ghasemzadeh, Seyed Ali (2014). "Social Behavior in the novel- Rope Tightening through the idea of Stigma" Journal of Literary Criticism, Vol.7, No. 26. Summer, pp. 147- 169.
Goffman, Irving (2012). “Stigma: Looking for Solution to Lost Identity” translated by Massoud Kianpour, Tehran, Markaz Publications. [In Persian]
Goldman, Lucien (1998). “Sociology of Literature” translated by Mohammad Jafar Pooyandeh, Tehran, Naqsh e Jahan Publications. [In Persian]
Goffman, Irving (2007).“The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life” translated by Masoud Kianpour, Tehran: Markaz e Nashr Publications. [In Persian]
Ghorbani, Mohammad Reza (1994). “Review of the Works of Mahmoud Dolatabadi” Tehran: Arvin Publications. [In Persian]
Kevin, Williams (2013). Understanding Media. Translated by Ehsan Shahghasemi & Goodarz Mirani, Tehran: Jamehshenasan Publications. [In Persian]
Khadem al-Faqra'i&  Mahvash; Kianpour & Massoud. (2016). "Analysis of the Dialogue of the Film- The Wedlock through the stigma of the confrontation between tradition and modernity." Journal of Women in Culture and Art, Volume 8, Number 4, pp. 443-452. [In Persian]
Shalchi, Amir (1991). “ dialect dictionary of Greater Khorasan,” Tehran: Nashr e Markaz Publications. [In Persian]
Shiri, Ghahraman (2003). “Story writing:  Techniques and Methods” Tehran: Paya Publications. [In Persian]
Sotoudeh, Gholamreza (1994). “References and Research Methodology in Persian literature” third edition, Tehran: Samat Publications. [In Persian]
Mosafa, Mohammad Jafar (2006). “Awareness” Tehran: Parishan Publications. [In Persian]
Mirsadeghi, Jamal (1981). Literature of Fiction, Tehran: Mahour Publications. [In Persian]
Mir Abedini, Hassan (1998). “A History of Iranian Fiction, Volume 3” Tehran: Cheshmeh Publications. [In Persian]
Nawabpour, Reza (1990). "In Search of Lost Identity", translated by Mohammad Eftekhari, Kalk Magazine, vol. 11 and 12, February and March, pp. 230- 235. [In Persian]
Qasemzadeh, Seyed Ali, Salarkia, Mozhdeh (2016). " Revisiting the Socio-Psycho of Heroism in Shahnameh through the view of Stigma". Kavoshnameh- Journal of Persian Language and Literature. No. 32. Spring and Summer, pp. 77- 102. [In Persian]
Rouse, Matthew H. (2002). “Christ & Stigma” Biola University, Faculty Integration Seminar. Summer.
Rawdrad, Azam; Aghaei, Atefeh (2016). "Analysis of the Representation of AIDS in Iranian Cinema: A Case Study of Barefoot in Paradise" Journal of Cultural Studies and Communication. No. 45, Winter, pp. 69-94. [In Persian]
Raisi, Puya & Naghashzadeh & Massoud, Yousefian Kanari & Mohammad Jafar (2017). “Analysis of the psycho-sociological effect of Stigma Theory on the characters of Ajhax and Medea, Journal of Theatre, No. 68, Spring, pp. 147-166. [In Persian]
Ritzer, George. (2001). “Contemporary Social Theory” Translated by Mohsen Thalasi, Tehran: Elmi Publications. [In Persian]
Tavassoli, Gholam Abbas (2006). “Sociological Theories” Tehran: Samat Publications. [In Persian]
Yahaghi, Mohammad Jafar (1996). “Because Pitcher is Thirsty” (History of Contemporary Iranian Literature) Tehran: Jamehe Publications. [In Persian]
Vasefi, Saba and Hassan Zolfaghari (2009). "Violence against women in the works of Mahmoud Dolatabadi". Journal of Women in Development and Politics, Vol. 24. Spring. Pp. 67- 86. [In Persian]
Zarqoub, Mansoura and Colleagues (2014). "Sociological analysis of the titles of Arabic poets based on Goffman's Stigma theory" Lesan e Mobin  Magazine, Volume 5, Number 16, Summer. pp. 21- 38. [In Persian]
Zakaria, Mahrooh (2004). A Study of Contemporary Story, Tehran: Tirgan Publications. [In Persian]
Zeinvand, Touraj, Solati, Somayeh (2018). "Sociological Analysis of Stigma in My Short Story Beyond the Hijab and the Fall" (Goffman's dramatic approach). Journal of Arabic Literature, University of Tehran, Volume 10, Spring and Summer, pp. 127-143. [In Persian].