Bahare Ahmadi Kamalvand; Siavash Moradi
Abstract
In many of Bahram Beizai's works, one of the main concerns is to show the interactions of the tyranny system and individuals in society, that in there, Tyranny, as a historical and cultural complication, is tied to the minds and lives of the people. In response, the emergence of the hero is a recurring ...
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In many of Bahram Beizai's works, one of the main concerns is to show the interactions of the tyranny system and individuals in society, that in there, Tyranny, as a historical and cultural complication, is tied to the minds and lives of the people. In response, the emergence of the hero is a recurring theme in overthrowing authoritarian oppression and in the face of the turbulent situation that has occurred so much in history. This appearance, however, has another side that in the face of the effects of tyranny, people stop trying to see the flaws and stop looking for endogenous solutions and, like an immature child, wait for the emergence of a superior force to solve problems with its help. This issue is clearly raised in some of Beizai's literary works. This paper criticizes this fundamental issue of society through dramatic literature another question is how do individuals themselves play a role in the perpetuation of authoritarian rule? Among Beizai's works, the screenplay of "Ghesseha-ye Mard-e Kafanpoosh (Tales of shrouded man)" is in the center of the present article. In addition, the irresponsibility of individuals as one of the roots of demand for hero process of the people of the society in the Screenplay "Ahoo, Salandar, Talkhak va Digaran (Talkhak & Others)" as one of the factors of the issue of Tyranny is examined. For theoretical analysis, Manes Sperber’s approach has been used in the psychological analysis of Tyranny Which is shown. By help of it and some other psychological texts is shown that in Tyranny conditions, the extreme expectation of the people for the emergence of a hero, while showing signs of illusion and self-deception in individuals, also constantly is exploited society by tyrannical rulers.
soussan jabri
Abstract
This study does an archetypal reading of Ghesehaye Irani and examines the process of individuation and how things that form the process happen. The question is how in such a process the hero gets rejoining with anima and animus. Analyzing the content of the Ghesehaye Irani text, first we found the manifestation ...
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This study does an archetypal reading of Ghesehaye Irani and examines the process of individuation and how things that form the process happen. The question is how in such a process the hero gets rejoining with anima and animus. Analyzing the content of the Ghesehaye Irani text, first we found the manifestation of archetypes, and then the two-stage nature of the process of individuation - which falls into two categories of Wisdom-driven and power-driven - became known. Findings show that there are complicated links between the hero’s ego, or the conscious part, and unconscious parts such as anima, animus, the wise old man, and the shadow. The shadow is of the same nature as the hero, and the unknown, repressed, and challenging part of the psyche. Things that happen in the process of individuation are based on challenges caused by the shadow for the hero. The tales with their bipartite and sometimes epizod structure go through two stages. In the first stage, the hero’s effort to join with anima or animus. This symbolizes socialization of the individual in the first half of life. In other stage of rejoining, the hero’s join to anima and animus runs up against problems, and to get rejoining with them, he has to have a decisive battle against the shadow. At this point, there are female and male narratives of the realization of individuality. In the female Wisdom-driven narrative, the hero triumphs over the shadow with the guidance and assistance of the wise old man, and gets rejoining with animus, often forgiving and accepting the shadow after he has defeated it. In the male power-driven narrative, the hero still has the guidance and assistance of the wise old man, yet, relying on his power in a head-to-head battle, overcomes the shadow and often kills or drives it away.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Asiyeh Zabihnia Emran
Abstract
The present paper deals with the review of the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch (2006) of Daultabadi (1940) within the framework of the Theory of Stigma of Erving Goffman propounded in the Reconstruction of the Lost Identity (1963). In the light of the theory of Goffman, one is tended to discuss the relations ...
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The present paper deals with the review of the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch (2006) of Daultabadi (1940) within the framework of the Theory of Stigma of Erving Goffman propounded in the Reconstruction of the Lost Identity (1963). In the light of the theory of Goffman, one is tended to discuss the relations of men in their daily life. The novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch narrates the story of a rural woman named “Morgan” in a remote village called “Zeminj”. She tries to protect her family after the sudden disappearance of her husband “Soluch”. In the process, she and her children bear several types of oppressions- physical, sexual, psychological and emotional, and brunts of indignity, sedition and disloyalty. The present paper , on the basis of the analytical, psychological theory , responds to the fundamental question that which element of the Theory of Stigma of Goffman is more applicable to the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch ? On the basis of the result of the research , the most prominent Stigma, in the novel Jaye Khaliye Soluch, appears in terms of non-identity , insecurity and hardship, stigma of non-credibility , feeling of adversity and ignominy and the impulse to avenge, harboring malice which torment Morgan more than anything else. Morgan is a woman oppressed and tormented who is under the tight grip of destiny. Daultabadi unfolds the story of Morgan which has found way in a blind alley and she is feeling the crisis of identity and tormention. She , with the passage of time and unable to realize the goal of life, yields to dejection , anxiety and depression in life and Daultabadi portrays more the blind alley of life into which Morgan has entered into his novel and he describes it at length.
Reza Refaee Ghadimi Mashhad; gholamhosein gholamhoseinzade
Abstract
The main issue of the present research is the doubt about the recording and consequently the correction and explanation of a bit of one of Sa’di's Ghazal which has been recorded in most of the available printed versions as follows: بازآ و حلقه بر در رندان شوق زنThe acceptance ...
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The main issue of the present research is the doubt about the recording and consequently the correction and explanation of a bit of one of Sa’di's Ghazal which has been recorded in most of the available printed versions as follows: بازآ و حلقه بر در رندان شوق زنThe acceptance of the recording of "Rendan" in this bit by various proofreaders has caused the commentators to provide various, contradictory and unrelated descriptions based on the structure of the text. In this research, using various evidences, it has been proved that the correct recording of the word mentioned in this verse is "Zendan" and not "Rendan". based on a cognitive poetic approach, it is clear that the present bit is illustrated on the basis of an image schema and the conceptual metaphor of "passion is prison." This conceptual metaphor is The result of the c Sa’di's tendency to spatialize abstract concepts.
maryam zamani(allahdad); tahereh golestani bakht; Saman Rahmani Farshbaf
Abstract
The expression of different aspects of the character and the events surrounding it in long novels has caused this kind of literature to be a good carrier for psychoanalytic critiques. The exploration of the main character's defense styles is based on Freud's psychoanalytic point of view, which styles ...
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The expression of different aspects of the character and the events surrounding it in long novels has caused this kind of literature to be a good carrier for psychoanalytic critiques. The exploration of the main character's defense styles is based on Freud's psychoanalytic point of view, which styles are most widely used among the characters, and what effect their repeated use has on the process of processing the characters in the story. This article describes and analyzes the styles and their use with integrated methods in the novel Kalidar . This study shows that the use of styles among the characters of the novel is significant and high, and in some characters, such as Khan Mohammad, the use of these styles is repeated, continuous and as a part of his lifestyle. In some others, such as Golmohammad, these mechanisms have been observed and manifested more in the face of stressful events.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Issa Soleimani; Mohammad Hossein Javari
Abstract
Any writer preoccupied with politics, history and power unconsciously echoes them in his/her works as it has happened to Houshang Golshiri’s works. Golshiri was a writer who used to study authentic sources about the history of Iran and took advantage of intertextual methods when reading ancient ...
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Any writer preoccupied with politics, history and power unconsciously echoes them in his/her works as it has happened to Houshang Golshiri’s works. Golshiri was a writer who used to study authentic sources about the history of Iran and took advantage of intertextual methods when reading ancient texts all of which along with his political points of view are seen into his writings.Political and Marxist criticism is inspired by works of Marx and Engels who have influenced almost all twentieth century’s political critics. Even the works of Iran’s literary worthies like Hafez and Ferdowsi could be read from political perspectives. Golshiri, interested in the works of Hafez and Ferdowsi, and almost their disciple, has written political works. When reading his works carefully, we will find between the lines that he is one of the most political Iranian authors. The purpose of this article is to show that Golshiri’s works can be read from political as well as intertextual perceptive. Intertextuality is a concept derived from the works of Russian Formalists especially Mikhail Bakhtin, a political writer and thinker. Intertextuality has a wide range of meanings and is open to debate among critics such as Kristeva, Gennet, and Barthes. This paper, however, focuses mostly on Mark Angeno’s intertextual perspective, because it invites the literary production into a network of interactions of social discourses. This approach takes a fresh look at the importance of literary works in a symbolic way and sheds light on these interactions in a political society.
soheila sadeghi; Behnaz Alipoor gaskari; belgheis rovshan; behnaz payamani
Abstract
Cognitive poetic theory is based on linguistic techniques such as analogical reasoning and the type of language units. According to Marguerite Freeman's theory (2000), each text has three levels of attribute, relational and system mapping. In the first level, the similarity between objects is analyzed. ...
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Cognitive poetic theory is based on linguistic techniques such as analogical reasoning and the type of language units. According to Marguerite Freeman's theory (2000), each text has three levels of attribute, relational and system mapping. In the first level, the similarity between objects is analyzed. In the second level, the relationships between objects are investigated and in the third level, the pattern that exists in the conceptual and structural relationships of the work is explored as a whole. In this study, with the aim of understanding Shafi'i Kadkani's cognitive style, his two poems were examined in the framework of this theory. Research questions are: 1- Is there a significant relationship between structure and content in Shafi'i Kadkani poetry? 2- Is it possible to approach the unspoken meanings in the text and the author's thought patterns with analogical mapping? The results of this study showed that in the first poem, the image that is created in the mind of the audience from the reflection of two different conceptual spaces in the text; It is also reflected in the structural and linguistic dimension of poetry, Because in lines 5 to 9 - as the heart of the poetry The use of language and pronouns are different from other parts of the text. The same pattern is repeated in the second poem and the boring rotation of life in poetry is represented in the structure of the work. Analogical mappings showed; there is an obstacle to reach the ideal world in both poems who is the narrator herself. Based on these results; Significant consistency of the structure and content of the poems and also The effectiveness of the solutions of poetic-cognitive theory to approach the unspoken meanings of text and the author's thought patterns was proved.
Literary interdisciplinary research
alireza azizi yousefkand; bahman namvarmotlahg
Abstract
Corona is an unknown virus that transcends all natural and human boundaries and affects artists around the world. Kurdish artists have not been unaffected by this and have reflected this in their works. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the consequences of Corona, in ﭼﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ...
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Corona is an unknown virus that transcends all natural and human boundaries and affects artists around the world. Kurdish artists have not been unaffected by this and have reflected this in their works. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the consequences of Corona, in ﭼﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ one of its main., As an art in the works of Kurdish artists from the perspective of Gaston Bashlar's imaginative critique. In order to analyze the work of art, Bashlar pays attention to the author's imagination and uses the main and basic elements of the world (water, air, soil and fire) as the basis for recognizing the work of art and the artist's imagination because he believes that imagination is formed based on material forms. This research is qualitative in nature and is a descriptive-analytical research method. Also, information and data were collected using written sources and libraries, field, as well as the global information network (Internet) and seeks to answer the question: the impact of the Corona pandemic and the resulting atmosphere on Kurdish artists selected in this study and How have their works been? In this regard, first, by organizing a call and broadcasting it in cyberspace and society, communicating with artists in the field, etc., a total of 290 works in different artistic formats and with a focus on corona were collected. Then, according to the quality of the works collected in a purposeful way, the works of each artist from each Kurdish country "Iran, Iraq, Syria" were selected and the works of these three selected artists were analyzed from the perspective of Bashlar's theory. The results showed that the selected artists in this study referred more to their inner space and their works of this period tended more towards introversion and inner concerns of the artist and the direct reflection of Covid 19's effects in human society was less reflected in the works of these artists.
Mona Alimadadi
Abstract
The constitutional system in 1285 A.H. established, and it's aim was compensating for the backwardness, reforming the affairs and the progress and promotion of the country in the world but it soon failed, plunging the country into unprecedented political, economic, and social chaos. It was under these ...
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The constitutional system in 1285 A.H. established, and it's aim was compensating for the backwardness, reforming the affairs and the progress and promotion of the country in the world but it soon failed, plunging the country into unprecedented political, economic, and social chaos. It was under these circumstances Iranian intellectuals realized the only way out of successive crises was the establishment of a "powerful enlightened tyranny." They pursued two goals from this idea: first, that with the coming to power of a powerful government, Iran could regain its past glory; Secondly, in powerful government, fundamental reforms should be carried out in order to modernize and develop the country and raise its position in the world. In this article, the author intends to explore the literature of the time, the tendency of some Iranian poets and writers to enlighten tyranny / powerful national government with the aim of restoring Iran to its ancient glory and achieving modernity. The question raised in this article is how and in what way is the tendency towards enlightened tyranny (as a political approach) reflected in post-constitutional literature (from 1285 A.D. to 1310 A.H.)? The result of this research was that the tendency towards enlightened tyranny has been manifested in four ways in the literature of this period: 1. Expressing concern about post-constitutional unrest. 2. Criticism of the failure to achieve the slogans and goals of constitutionalists. 3. The desire for the emergence of a powerful government to organize the affairs of the country. 4. Nationalism.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Ali Ghaderi; Shahin Ghazaee; Pedram Lalbakhsh
Abstract
It seems that nowadays, the world is sinking into a political and cultural state of nonchalance, and the citizens of the world have accepted Thatcher’s famous axiom: “there is no alternative” to the neoliberal order. Under such circumstances, it is imperative for the researchers in ...
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It seems that nowadays, the world is sinking into a political and cultural state of nonchalance, and the citizens of the world have accepted Thatcher’s famous axiom: “there is no alternative” to the neoliberal order. Under such circumstances, it is imperative for the researchers in the field of interdisciplinary studies to revisit the sociopolitical role of cinema and literature as two key media shaping cultural paradigms. In other words, late capitalism has tremendous power to assimilate the cultural forces that oppose it through employing media. Moreover, mainstream cinema and literature often carry the axioms of the world order’s status quo, consolidate the dominant ideology, and shape artistic imagination. Focusing on superhero narratives, Superman franchises in particular, the present article attempts to analyze the role of cinema and literature in producing and reproducing the status quo and then narrows down the discussion to the most recent adaptation of a comic book: Superman: Red Son (2020). Afterward, we will argue that mainstream adaptations usually fortify the dominant hegemony. However, they sometimes have been the principal arenas of waging war against the status quo and have challenged its hegemony too. Investigating the contradictory role of these two media becomes more significant in a world that seems to be facing a cultural and political deadlock. This article concludes that literature and cinema in today’s world can offer ways to criticize and overcome reproducing mainstream, stale ideas.
parisa nasiri; yahya talebian
Abstract
Critical discourse analysis is a novel approach to discourse analysis and a type of discourse research based on a sociological aspect. As the word ‘critical’ implies, such an analysis is focused on issues of power, dominance, inequality, reproduction, and resistance against the power of texts. ...
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Critical discourse analysis is a novel approach to discourse analysis and a type of discourse research based on a sociological aspect. As the word ‘critical’ implies, such an analysis is focused on issues of power, dominance, inequality, reproduction, and resistance against the power of texts. The discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough is a prominent theory in this area, which describes, interprets, and explains construction within the framework of language, as well as the discovery of ideological and political characteristics, applications of language, and reproduction of power relations. Nafsah al-Masdoor is a literary work with implicit concepts and underlying layers in addition to a poetic language and language subtleties, which indicates that the Nasavy language has critical discourse analysis capabilities. This descriptive-analytical study aimed to evaluate the underlying and hidden layers of the text (i.e., state of power and ideology in the Mongol era) on descriptive, interpretive, and explanatory levels, such that critical defamiliarization would be established by juxtaposing various ideologies within the text to develop a new approach in this regard. While the discourse of predestination, which is based on complaining about the times, tyranny, and looting of the Mongols, varies at the surface of Nafsah al-Masdoor, Zaidari thoughts, discourse of predestination, and the betrayal of government agents and the lower class are prioritized over tyranny and determinism in the underlying layers of this work.
Literary interdisciplinary research
nowrooz nimroozi
Abstract
The present study is an interdisciplinary study of literature, history and sociology and its purpose is to study the administrative structure of the Qajar era based on the Sala Riggs model among the literary and historical sources of this period. The question of this article, which is based on a descriptive-analytical ...
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The present study is an interdisciplinary study of literature, history and sociology and its purpose is to study the administrative structure of the Qajar era based on the Sala Riggs model among the literary and historical sources of this period. The question of this article, which is based on a descriptive-analytical method; That is, what is the administrative system of this period based on the data derived from literary sources (Ibrahim Bey's travelogue, Ahmad's book and Akhundzadeh allegories) and historical (Nasserite news facts and my biography) of the Qajar era, considering the components of Sala Riggs model? An overview of literary and historical sources of this era shows that due to the delay in the formation of the national government in Iran and as a result of the delay in the development of the administrative system as a tool and administrative machine of the government, modern components of the Salariges model have the necessary historical presence No, but we are faced with a combination of the presence of traditional and modern components, while dominating the traditional components. The final result is that, by reviewing the literary and historical works of the Qajar era, we can say that the situation of the administrative system in Iran, especially in the Qajar period, considering the cultural, social and historical background of Iranian society and the presence of two Russian and British foreign powers. And were administrative in Iran; It is more in line with the pathological components of the Sala Riggs model.
