Literary Interdisciplinary Research

Abstract Lily and Majnoon is one of Ganjavi's most important military works in the field of lyrical literature. Nezami depicts one of the most important and famous Arabic love stories in this poem. In this research, using the library study method and in a descriptive-analytical way and using Robert J. Sternbergs love triangle theory. (which is a psychological theory), the character of insane love has been studied, studied and analyzed. Studies show that majnon love in Lily and the majnon system, from Sternberg's point of view, is participatory love; Thus, the majnon enjoys intimacy in relation to a slight negligence; His love consists of components such as the desire to increase the well-being of the beloved, great respect for the beloved, mutual understanding of the parties in the relationship, sharing himself and the property and assets of the parties, gaining emotional support from the beloved, feeling emotional support to the beloved, sincere communication and respect Putting each other into a discussion of intimacy.In addition to intimacy, commitment is another issue that the majnon has in itself, and intimacy and commitment together create a shared love that is the majnon love for Lily. majnon love does not have the side of emotion (passion) in itself.

Abstract The art of illustrating literary works embellished text and helps to better understand the text. Khayyam's painting of quatrains has attracted the attention of Western painters not only from the perspective of Oriental artists but also with the help of Fitzgerald's translation. This study examines the most prominent examples of Khayyam's quatrains from east to west and answers the question of what are the differences between the illustrations of Eastern and Western artists and from what point of view each Have the quatrains have been noticed? One of the most famous Eastern examples is the quatrains of Mohammad Tajvidi's paintings and one of the best Western examples is the paintings of Edmund Sullivan, Gabriel Rosserti, and Gilbert James, which this study deals with. The necessity of research is that although in the West, a great deal of attention has been paid to the illustration of quatrains, but the Iranians have not paid enough attention to Khayyam's poems, especially its illustrations, and the existing paintings are mainly market art. Therefore, comparing these drawings with Western examples can further reveal the visual capabilities of the quatrains. The results show that Iranian painters were content to create an image equivalent to the quatrains, but Western artists took an interpretive approach to the quatrains and tried to create innovative images for Khayyam's quatrains through mythological symbols and the link between Eastern and Western culture.

Abstract رمانس امیرارسلان که در روساخت یک روایت عاشقانۀ طولانی است و در آن حوادث خارق‌العاده روی می‌دهد، مورد توجه ناصرالدین شاه قاجار بوده است. با توجه به این که در نظام پادشاهی، شاه در رأس هرم قدرت قرار دارد و روایت-شنویی او می‌تواند معنادار باشد، مسئله‌ای که پژوهش حاضر بدان می‌پردازد، بررسی رابطۀ معنادار بین روایت امیرارسلان با زندگی و شخصیت روایت‌شنو خاص آن- ناصرالدین شاه- است. این مطالعه از طریق بررسی مقولۀ قدرت در رمانس امیرارسلان به انجام می‌رسد؛ با طرح این پرسش‌ها که چه عواملی در ایجاد قدرت فرادست در این رمانس نقش دارند و مقولۀ قدرت به چه انواعی قابل دسته بندی است؟ و چه رابطۀ معناداری بین زندگی و شخصیت ناصرالدین شاه و روایت امیرارسلان وجود دارد؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در زیرساخت این روایت عاشقانه، قدرت مقوله‌ای پیچیده است که با ابزارهایی مانند برجسته‌سازی و حاشیه‌رانی، شکل‌گیری هویت‌های چندگانه، موقعیت سوژه‌ها، تخاصم و غیریت‌سازی و عشق به‌عنوان ابزاری قدرتمند که مبارزه را به‌عنوان دال مرکزی در درون گفتمان خود دارد، شکل می‌گیرد و به انواع قدرت نرم و قدرت سخت قابل دسته‌بندی است. همچنین نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که امیرارسلان در جایگاه قهرمان، دالی است که جانشین استعاری غیاب بزرگ شجاعت، مسئولیت‌پذیری و اعتماد به نفس بالا در وجود ناصرالدین شاه بوده است و تحقق آرزوهای دست نیافته ناصرالدین شاه - در دوران، کودکی، جوانی و بزرگسالی- در جهان روایت، این قصه را برای او چنان جذاب نموده که چندین بار از زبان نقال زبردست دربار به این قصه گوش فرا داده است.

Abstract Motherhood is a concept that its representation in the real world is influenced by theories, history, legends and constructions that are institutionalized in the culture of a nation. In this research, considering the importance of motherhood in young adults' novels, we have investigated the types of mothers' subjectivity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the variety of mothers' subjectivity in the history of young adults' novels. The approach of the research was to examine the subject and power from Foucault point of view and other theorists, and the research method was qualitative and inductive data analysis. For this purpose, more than 30 fiction works from the 5 recent decades have been reviewed and, in this research, 15 examples in 6 categories of mothers' subjectivity have been extracted. The results of the research show that the subjectivity of mothers in these works from the 50s until now, according to the passage of time, does not vary much and is always defined under the influence of power relations. After examining the works, 6 categories of subjectivity for mothers can be listed: 1. None subjectivity; 2. objective; 3. Accomplice subject; 4. mediating subjectivity (emphasized femininity); 5. discourse subjectivity; 6. Economic subject.

Abstract The caring thinking of the Philosophy for Children (P4C) program, with its emphasis on values and emotions, promotes moral and social development. This study examined the effectiveness of Iranian stories for the age group "C" (ages 9-12) within philosophical inquiry circles on sixth-grade primary school students' caring thinking. The research employed a quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test design in Isfahan during 2024–2025. The population consisted of sixth-grade students in Isfahan, from which 60 male students were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling and divided into experimental and control groups (n=30 each). The intervention consisted of 10 sessions using bestselling Iranian stories published between 2016 and 2024. Data were collected using Hedayati's (2018) questionnaire and analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA/MANCOVA) in SPSS 26. The results showed that the mean caring thinking score of the experimental group increased from 94.80 to 105.47. Although ANCOVA showed no significant difference, this was confirmed by the Bonferroni test, and MANCOVA did not detect a significant overall difference across components; however, the test of between-subject effects revealed a significant improvement in the empathic thinking component (p<0.05). In conclusion, Iranian stories support caring thinking, particularly the empathic dimension. It is recommended that P4C facilitators incorporate these stories in their research and that future research examines the long-term impacts of these stories on students' caring thinking.

Abstract In this article, the two main characters of Souvashun's novel (Yousef and Zari) are psychoanalyzed by Karen Horney's theory of neurosis. Karen Horneydescribes different types of neurotic behavior as a result of overusing coping strategies to deal with basic anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships. She identified three broad categories of three neurotic needs in her theory: needs for power, prestige and affection. Horney considers the presence of anxiety as the main sign of nervous conflict in personality. Psychoanalytic analysis showed that the male character of the novel (Joseph) reflects all kinds of natural desires, feelings, and behaviors without anxiety, and that his behavioral contradictions are the kind of natural contradictions seen in ordinary human beings. But the character of the female one (Zari) is very anxious. The fundamental contradiction in his behavior reflects the symptoms of a benevolent nervous personality. Severe anxiety in Zari's character breaks down his character's defense structure. Eventually the fear of madness comes. Here, the neurotic character prepares to heal and undergo treatment. In Souvashun's novel, Dr. Abdullah Khan, by referring Zarito her real self, helps her overcome the gap between her imaginary self and his real self and regain her lost courage.

Abstract The love story of Majnun Layla, a legend that originated in the Middle East, has been translated and retold so often that it has become part of our global literary imagination. The story has been often received, compared, and studied in connection to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. This is despite the fact that there are fundamental differences between the two masterpieces, not to mention that the reception of Majnun Layla has exceeded literary reception, extending to other media. The first part of the article presents new social, political, religious, and literary interpretations of Majnun Layla. The second part of the article discusses the legend’s migration from seventh-century Arabic culture to its operatic adaption in Azerbaijan in 1908 (the first opera to be staged in an Islamic context), its first cinematic adaptation in Malay language in 1933 in Bangladesh, its first scholarly treatment in comparative literature in Iran in 1938-1940, and finally its most recent cinematic representation in the 2011 American movie Habibi. The article notes the most important achievements and elements that have been added to the story during the legend's cross-cultural and multidisciplinary journeys. The article concludes by proposing that the multiple-horizontal-circle model of comparative literature and post-colonial studies is more adequate for understanding texts like Majnun Layla than the conventional binary-vertical-linear model for research in Arabic and Middle Eastern comparative literature and world literature. 

Abstract Attention to the structure and content of textbooks is very important given the psychological and developmental characteristics of the child. Poems related to the child's domain should be in line with their psychological characteristics and the content of the poem should be consistent with the child's thinking and intellectual environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure and content of Persian poetry books in elementary school. Investigating the content of poems, templates, weight, gender, and poetry (classical or contemporary) are the most important components of this research. The research method is descriptive and analysis of textbooks and method of gathering information, documents and libraries. The results showed that the poets, templates, weight and gender of the poets in accordance with the sixth grade of the elementary school and the characteristics of the child's development were not paid much attention. Topics are often repeated in elementary school. The four-sided format was the most used in the poems. As we get closer to the final years of elementary school, new and modern forms are used less frequently. Due to the child's mental development and increasing vocabulary at the end of elementary school (fifth and sixth grade), more nymaii and song formats can be used. The most common use of contemporary poets in the first elementary period is the first to the third grade, and the number of contemporary poet’s decreases as we approach the end of the period.

Abstract The health, education and success of children in today's world is one of the most important issues in families, educational environment, culture and children's literature, which is reflected in stories, animations and other literary genres. The importance of this issue led to the study of children's literary works with a psychological approach. For this purpose, stories were studied; Among them, the story "I am not my daddy’s servant" written by Ahmad Akbarpour was chosen to clearly reflect this important point. The story narrates the problems of the life of a child named Davood, many of whose characteristics as the main character of the story reflect the personality of loving people based on the threefold division of Carnorhorney and compatible with his theory of psychoanalysis. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, intends to identify and introduce the conflict of affection, to examine the main character of this story and to analyze her personality angles, which is a reflection of the characteristics of a loving person. The purpose of this article is to study the dimensions of benevolence and provide a solution to sublimate this important issue.

Abstract Children's and adolescent literature is diverse and can be examined from different perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to study personality and characterization in the stories of Houshang Moradi Kermani based on the theory of personality in Karen Hornai's thought. The study is methodologically qualitative. The study population included stories of children and adolescents selected and analyzed by Houshang Moradi Kermani. Among the author's stories, there are a selection of stories whose characters can be compared to Karen Horney's theory of psychological analysis. The results show that the fundamental antagonism of the characters has led them to fall into three types of secrets, supremacy and isolationism. All personality types have resorted to idealism to relieve suffering and neurotic abuse, masking themselves deliberately or unconsciously with others and feeling that they have concealed the true self from others. In all of the characters in the stories, fundamental anxiety is seen as the most fundamental principle in Horny's theory, an anxiety that originated in the family, environment, and society and was imposed during childhood and turned into destructive neurotic behavior.