Many researchers of the 20th century in the field of language and literature sought to provide a reasoned and regular framework for that form by analysing the structure of literary types, analysing their structure in the form of a few simple forms. Among the forms in question, for which they believed that a grammar could be prepared, was an enigma; but such a grammar was never fulfilled;However, it seems possible to extract common and repeated elements by analysing the structure of different enigmas and putting together the frequently used components in their structure. By putting them together, a grammar for this form can be compiled.

Based on this, in the current research, while examining and analyzing the definition of enigma and its connection with other forms such as riddles, irony, and metaphor, we have extracted the most frequent components in the structure of enigma with the inductive method based on description and analysis. The result of the research shows that, in addition to the "questioning" aspect, the six elements of paradox, opposition, metaphor, simile, personification, animism, and collocation are the basic elements of enigma; Perhaps enigma uses one of these elements or two, three, or all six elements. Based on the use of the mentioned elements, 64 forms can be considered for the grammar of the enigma, but the analysis of several enigmas showed that five patterns have more frequency. In these five patterns, simile is the main component, while metaphor, paradox, and personification are also used in four patterns.