hossein qasemizadeh; bizhan zahiri nan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 November 2023
Abstract
Lily and Majnoon is one of Ganjavi's most important military works in the field of lyrical literature. Nezami depicts one of the most important and famous Arabic love stories in this poem. In this research, using the library study method and in a descriptive-analytical way and using Robert J. Sternbergs ...
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Lily and Majnoon is one of Ganjavi's most important military works in the field of lyrical literature. Nezami depicts one of the most important and famous Arabic love stories in this poem. In this research, using the library study method and in a descriptive-analytical way and using Robert J. Sternbergs love triangle theory. (which is a psychological theory), the character of insane love has been studied, studied and analyzed. Studies show that majnon love in Lily and the majnon system, from Sternberg's point of view, is participatory love; Thus, the majnon enjoys intimacy in relation to a slight negligence; His love consists of components such as the desire to increase the well-being of the beloved, great respect for the beloved, mutual understanding of the parties in the relationship, sharing himself and the property and assets of the parties, gaining emotional support from the beloved, feeling emotional support to the beloved, sincere communication and respect Putting each other into a discussion of intimacy.In addition to intimacy, commitment is another issue that the majnon has in itself, and intimacy and commitment together create a shared love that is the majnon love for Lily. majnon love does not have the side of emotion (passion) in itself.
Fatemeh Mahvan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 August 2023
Abstract
The art of illustrating literary works embellished text and helps to better understand the text. Khayyam's painting of quatrains has attracted the attention of Western painters not only from the perspective of Oriental artists but also with the help of Fitzgerald's translation. This study examines the ...
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The art of illustrating literary works embellished text and helps to better understand the text. Khayyam's painting of quatrains has attracted the attention of Western painters not only from the perspective of Oriental artists but also with the help of Fitzgerald's translation. This study examines the most prominent examples of Khayyam's quatrains from east to west and answers the question of what are the differences between the illustrations of Eastern and Western artists and from what point of view each Have the quatrains have been noticed? One of the most famous Eastern examples is the quatrains of Mohammad Tajvidi's paintings and one of the best Western examples is the paintings of Edmund Sullivan, Gabriel Rosserti, and Gilbert James, which this study deals with. The necessity of research is that although in the West, a great deal of attention has been paid to the illustration of quatrains, but the Iranians have not paid enough attention to Khayyam's poems, especially its illustrations, and the existing paintings are mainly market art. Therefore, comparing these drawings with Western examples can further reveal the visual capabilities of the quatrains. The results show that Iranian painters were content to create an image equivalent to the quatrains, but Western artists took an interpretive approach to the quatrains and tried to create innovative images for Khayyam's quatrains through mythological symbols and the link between Eastern and Western culture.
Mahdi Khodadadian
Abstract
Due to the disagreements over the use of original and adapted literary texts in teaching a foreign/second language to non-Persian speakers, the present research determines the amount and degree of importance of the component indicators of original and adapted literary texts in teaching the Persian language ...
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Due to the disagreements over the use of original and adapted literary texts in teaching a foreign/second language to non-Persian speakers, the present research determines the amount and degree of importance of the component indicators of original and adapted literary texts in teaching the Persian language to non-Persian speakers at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels by a survey method. So, a researcher-made questionnaire containing six items was prepared and given to 94 Iranian teachers with teaching experience in this field in a non-random accessible and targeted way. Analysis of the results using SPSS 22 software and one-sided chi-square and Friedman statistical tests showed that the sample population, believing that adapted literary texts have an element of literature, did not evaluate any of the indicators of this category as important at the elementary level due to the lack of proportion, unlike the intermediate and advanced. In general, due to anonymity, universality, importance in the global approach to language teaching, efficiency, and belonging to the contemporary period, more importance has been given to the adapted representatives of stories and prose than to the type of order and at the advanced level, because of the increase in the language and communication ability of Persian learners, original literary texts are considered important.
Saeed Reza Khoshshans; Maryam Bakhtiarian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to read and interpret a play titled “the verb” written by Mohammad Rezaei Rad, not by the traditional analysis of dramatic texts, but by the Roland Barthes approach to textual analysis. According to Barthes, a text is a system of codes and in order to analyze ...
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The purpose of this study is to read and interpret a play titled “the verb” written by Mohammad Rezaei Rad, not by the traditional analysis of dramatic texts, but by the Roland Barthes approach to textual analysis. According to Barthes, a text is a system of codes and in order to analyze these codes, the active role of the reader (or performer) in constructing the narration and meaning-making process of the text is highly suggested. Barthes identifies five different kinds of semiotic elements that are common to all texts. He gathers these signifiers into five codes: Hermeneutic, Proairetic, Semantic, Symbolic, and Cultural that his method of textual analysis is based on these five codes. This method studies how a text is structured and meaningful and allows for various interpretations of the text by criticizing, analyzing, and decoding the five codes that are combined into lexical units within the text. Interpretations are related to the effective role of the reader or performer. This study investigates both the structural contraction of the text and possible interpretations of it by analyzing and decoding the codes of play “the Verb". On the other hand, it has explored the method of development and distribution of meaning in this text.
Badrieh Ghavami; Nemat Mansouri; Reza Borzoiy; Jamal Adhami
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2023
Abstract
Sociological criticism is one of the new and efficient methods of literary texts, which is effective in the analysis of contemporary novels. Considering that novels and short stories are influenced by the conditions of society more than any other literary work and can reflect social structures better ...
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Sociological criticism is one of the new and efficient methods of literary texts, which is effective in the analysis of contemporary novels. Considering that novels and short stories are influenced by the conditions of society more than any other literary work and can reflect social structures better than any other type, therefore sociological criticism is important. This article tries to analyze the novel "Bail Mourners" from Bakhtin's polyphonic point of view using the method of content analysis. Polyphony is one of the key and influential topics in the field of literary and artistic criticism, which was presented by the Russian literary critic and philosopher Bakhtin in the middle of the 20th century. According to his point of view, polyphony in a literary work is such that, apart from the voice of the narrator or author, the voices of other characters are also heard, and none of the voices dominate each other, and in a polyphonic text, discourses rejected by society and unheard voices They can be seen and introduced. Two-way conversations, creating favorable conditions for dialogue, the colorful presence of characters, pluralism, the freedom of characters, as well as intertextual functions such as proverbs and irony, myths, being influenced by literary works, etc. It adds to the polyphony of the text in this work. In this article, an attempt is made to extract the polyphonic expressions of the text and show the effect of each of them in polyphonic text.
Tariq Zakir; Seyd Esmaiel Ghafelebashi; Ghorban Waliyi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 September 2024
Abstract
Abstract Emotion is one of the main drivers of the formation of works of art, especially poetry. Therefore, through history, scholars have emphasized the role of element of emotion in poetry. Lately, some works have been done in the field of emotional research in the field of Persian literature. In all ...
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Abstract Emotion is one of the main drivers of the formation of works of art, especially poetry. Therefore, through history, scholars have emphasized the role of element of emotion in poetry. Lately, some works have been done in the field of emotional research in the field of Persian literature. In all these researches, the researchers have done research without paying attention to the fact that emotion is one of the basic discussions of psychological science. Not paying attention to psychological knowledge and relying on non-scientific beliefs about emotion has caused great damage to these researches. Psychologists have done a lot of research on the nature and types of emotion, and it is considered important to use these researches in the correct understanding of emotion. The present study has analyzed the flow of emotional research in the field of Persian literature, especially university research, using a descriptive-analytical method. On emotion, without consideration to theory, lacking scientific methodology, relying on the apparent meaning of words, incorrect choice of title, incompatibility of the title with the content, content similarity of the sub-titles and generalization are considered to be the major damages of these researches.
maryam dorpar; helma Amiri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 July 2023
Abstract
رمانس امیرارسلان که در روساخت یک روایت عاشقانۀ طولانی است و در آن حوادث خارقالعاده روی میدهد، مورد توجه ناصرالدین شاه قاجار بوده است. با توجه به این که در نظام پادشاهی، ...
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رمانس امیرارسلان که در روساخت یک روایت عاشقانۀ طولانی است و در آن حوادث خارقالعاده روی میدهد، مورد توجه ناصرالدین شاه قاجار بوده است. با توجه به این که در نظام پادشاهی، شاه در رأس هرم قدرت قرار دارد و روایت-شنویی او میتواند معنادار باشد، مسئلهای که پژوهش حاضر بدان میپردازد، بررسی رابطۀ معنادار بین روایت امیرارسلان با زندگی و شخصیت روایتشنو خاص آن- ناصرالدین شاه- است. این مطالعه از طریق بررسی مقولۀ قدرت در رمانس امیرارسلان به انجام میرسد؛ با طرح این پرسشها که چه عواملی در ایجاد قدرت فرادست در این رمانس نقش دارند و مقولۀ قدرت به چه انواعی قابل دسته بندی است؟ و چه رابطۀ معناداری بین زندگی و شخصیت ناصرالدین شاه و روایت امیرارسلان وجود دارد؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که در زیرساخت این روایت عاشقانه، قدرت مقولهای پیچیده است که با ابزارهایی مانند برجستهسازی و حاشیهرانی، شکلگیری هویتهای چندگانه، موقعیت سوژهها، تخاصم و غیریتسازی و عشق بهعنوان ابزاری قدرتمند که مبارزه را بهعنوان دال مرکزی در درون گفتمان خود دارد، شکل میگیرد و به انواع قدرت نرم و قدرت سخت قابل دستهبندی است. همچنین نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که امیرارسلان در جایگاه قهرمان، دالی است که جانشین استعاری غیاب بزرگ شجاعت، مسئولیتپذیری و اعتماد به نفس بالا در وجود ناصرالدین شاه بوده است و تحقق آرزوهای دست نیافته ناصرالدین شاه - در دوران، کودکی، جوانی و بزرگسالی- در جهان روایت، این قصه را برای او چنان جذاب نموده که چندین بار از زبان نقال زبردست دربار به این قصه گوش فرا داده است.
Saeedeh Tahiri Rustomi; Mandana Mangeli; Soheila Mousavi Sirjani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 February 2024
Abstract
The present article examines the behavioural traits of the characters in the novel 'Autumn Is the Final Season’ by Naseem Marashi (born in 1363) which is based on the theory of traits propounded by Ramond Bernard Cattell (1905-1998). The main characters of the novel are three women named Leila, ...
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The present article examines the behavioural traits of the characters in the novel 'Autumn Is the Final Season’ by Naseem Marashi (born in 1363) which is based on the theory of traits propounded by Ramond Bernard Cattell (1905-1998). The main characters of the novel are three women named Leila, Roja and Shabana who have behavioural traits emanating from migration, family, emotions and works. One of the views related to personality can be called the theory of Ramond Bernard Cattell. This theory tries to describe a person’s traits that are caused by his behavioral personality. His formal traits are obvious and superficial and are of short duration. According to Raymond Cattell deep traits are embedded and more prominent in a person. Ramond Cattell enumerates sixteen factors which form the traits of a character. This article is a descriptive analysis of them and answers to the fundamental question that which type of character in the novel ‘Autumn Is the Final Season’ fits into the theory of Cattell. According to the result of my research which was conducted on Ramond Cattell’s theory which shows that the character in the novel happens to be more anxious and disturbed.
Mahnaz Jokari; Saeed Hesampour
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 August 2023
Abstract
Motherhood is a concept that its representation in the real world is influenced by theories, history, legends and constructions that are institutionalized in the culture of a nation. In this research, considering the importance of motherhood in young adults' novels, we have investigated the types of ...
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Motherhood is a concept that its representation in the real world is influenced by theories, history, legends and constructions that are institutionalized in the culture of a nation. In this research, considering the importance of motherhood in young adults' novels, we have investigated the types of mothers' subjectivity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the variety of mothers' subjectivity in the history of young adults' novels. The approach of the research was to examine the subject and power from Foucault point of view and other theorists, and the research method was qualitative and inductive data analysis. For this purpose, more than 30 fiction works from the 5 recent decades have been reviewed and, in this research, 15 examples in 6 categories of mothers' subjectivity have been extracted. The results of the research show that the subjectivity of mothers in these works from the 50s until now, according to the passage of time, does not vary much and is always defined under the influence of power relations. After examining the works, 6 categories of subjectivity for mothers can be listed: 1. None subjectivity; 2. objective; 3. Accomplice subject; 4. mediating subjectivity (emphasized femininity); 5. discourse subjectivity; 6. Economic subject.
Shahrzad Mohammad Hosein; Hoda Shabrang; Razieh Eslamieh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 July 2024
Abstract
Extensive interest in the field of comparative literary studies emerged in the early decades of the nineteenth century with the main focus of comparing similarities in perspectives and variations in beliefs which congregate or rupture world views, representing human thought. It is the objective of the ...
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Extensive interest in the field of comparative literary studies emerged in the early decades of the nineteenth century with the main focus of comparing similarities in perspectives and variations in beliefs which congregate or rupture world views, representing human thought. It is the objective of the present study to analyze and compare the components which yield to the New Historical analysis of two literary pieces to discover the existing nuances related to the artists’ socio-cultural milieu and to illustrate how this mirrors personality development in their poetry. For this means, two poems have been chosen: “I Am a Black Woman” from Mari Evans, a contemporary African-American poetess, and “Farewell” from Forough Farrokhzad, the influential, modernist Iranian artist. Results will indicate how the views of the two poets differ from one another in regard to the relationship between identity formation and the role that episteme plays in this process. Inevitably, there will be concern about the influence of zeitgeist in imagery production since literary work is the doings of historical-socio-cultural discourses as much as creative imagination.
Mohammad Daneshgar; Reza Chehreghani
Abstract
Trantextuality is one of the most important approaches in humanities studies and literary criticism, which deals with the effects and communication of texts and studies, and examines co-presence relationships and overlaps of literary works. According to the theory of transtextuality, no text is created ...
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Trantextuality is one of the most important approaches in humanities studies and literary criticism, which deals with the effects and communication of texts and studies, and examines co-presence relationships and overlaps of literary works. According to the theory of transtextuality, no text is created without borrowing from previous texts. These two types of texts, which are called pre-text and hypertext respectively, have different Trantextualité relationships. To put it better, all elements of the pre-text can be changed and transformed in the hypertext, so that new texts emerge from them. For this reason, the current research, based on the theory of Gérard Genette's transtextuality, and relying on statistical data in a descriptive-analytical way, examines and analyzes the quality and quantity of the influence of Raziq Faani among previous poets. The findings of this research show that under the influence of the predecessors of Persian poetry, Raziq Faani wrote the forms of Ghazal, Masnavi, Qaseedah, Makhmas, and Ghazal-Masnavi. In these formats, he has written romantic, social, critical, Resistance, didactical, and mystical themes based on intertextuality, paratextuality, and Architextuality. Faani created these poetic forms according to the poems of Abu Salik Gorgani, Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī, Hafez, Bedil, Moshtagh Esfahani, Yaghma-ye Jandaqi, Shater Abbas Sabouhi, Ismael Balkhi, and Simin Behbahani. Among these, Faani has paid the most attention to the poems of Mowlavi and Hafez, and has been influenced by the poems of them in a systematic way based on the relationships between hypertextuality, paratextuality, and intertextuality.
Hamzeh Alemi Cheraghali
Abstract
The idea of "returning to oneself" is possible based on the assumption of raising "self" and human agency (subjectivity), and based on this, the question arises whether the thought and works of Jalal Al Ahmad, as one of the main heralds of this idea, Do they enable the emergence ...
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The idea of "returning to oneself" is possible based on the assumption of raising "self" and human agency (subjectivity), and based on this, the question arises whether the thought and works of Jalal Al Ahmad, as one of the main heralds of this idea, Do they enable the emergence of Iranian subjectivity? In this research, by using the theoretical premises of subjectivism and the concept of representation, which connects the expression of individual identity and subjectivism with literature, the search for self-identity and subjectivity in the works of Al-Ahmad and the representation of "self" and the real world or "pretense" and movement towards hyperreality - based on Baudrillard's ideas - was studied as the basis of projecting or rejecting the return to oneself in Al-Ahmed's works. The final result shows that the emergence of the idea of returning to oneself in the works of Jalal Al-Ahmed is mostly in the form of protesting the existing situation and this issue has deep roots of negation of "self". "Self", which is the basis for the emergence of subjectivism and active confrontation with the outside world, collapses and dissolves from all sides in Al-Ahmad's works. Al-Ahmad does not allow subjectivity to take place. He always seeks to negate himself (the subject) and place it in a shadow of ambiguity. Such an identity of his "self" causes him to move from the representation of the real world to the threshold of hyperreality.
sara chalak
Abstract
Grotesque is a way of looking at life. This idea is actually derived from ancient cave paintings in Italy which showed a mixture of human, plant, and animal in a tangled and complex way. Later, this style permeated art and literature and became the founder of a new and unique style in literary works. ...
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Grotesque is a way of looking at life. This idea is actually derived from ancient cave paintings in Italy which showed a mixture of human, plant, and animal in a tangled and complex way. Later, this style permeated art and literature and became the founder of a new and unique style in literary works. Exaggeration, non-normativity, satire, offensive language, and physicality are some of the hallmarks of this literary style. A method that the author of the novel "The Horrifying Confessions of a Dead Turtle" has used in a special way in writing his work. In this novel, the most frightening and bitter events of life are narrated with biting humor and vulgar language. A method that, by mixing various scenes of death, eating, and carnal desires, has created a distinct manifestation of the grotesque style in places throughout the novel. This article attempts to use a descriptive method of content analysis to analyze grotesque elements and how the author is influenced by these elements, as well as to examine the origins of the novel's narrator's tendency to use grotesque language and components One of the important goals of the research is to go beyond the expression of grotesque elements and use these components to analyze the psyche of the narrator's character A process that results in issues such as fear of death, anxieties, and lifelong traumas as the main motivation for the narrator's choice of a grotesque lifestyle.
Fahimeh Shakiba; Hamed Mowlaei Kuhbanani; Fatemeh Mohammadi Rafsanjanipur
Abstract
Language typology aims to determine linguistic types by considering the similarities and differences among languages. In historical typology, with reference to typological theories and universals, the linguistic types of each language are examined in historical periods. In the current research, taking ...
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Language typology aims to determine linguistic types by considering the similarities and differences among languages. In historical typology, with reference to typological theories and universals, the linguistic types of each language are examined in historical periods. In the current research, taking into consideration the first Feature of Dreyer's branching theory (1992), the use of adpositions has been investigated in the Middle Persian text of Kārnāmag ī Ardaxšīr ī Pābagān and the New Persian book of Zoroaster's last journey. Also, it presents evidence for Dabirmoghaddam Theory (2013) and other researches which have claimed that Persian type is changing. Furthermore, this research tries to answer to this question that why Persian is not consistently a head-initial or head-final language in each period. The results indicate that although both Middle Persian and New Persian texts have both orders of this feature, both texts show a tendency toward preposition. The number of postpositions in Middle Persian is more than in New Persian, which also confirms its dominant tendency towards VO languages. This conclusion shows that New Persian is not in the stage of change of status and has followed a path similar to Middle Persian.
masomeh mirnaseri; Rahman Zabihi; Mohamad Taghi Jahani
Abstract
Many literary criticism theories have developed based on other disciplines like linguistics and have, to a certain degree, an interdisciplinary character. Formalism as one of these kinds of theories, has had a tremendous influence on literary studies. Skaz is an important term in literary criticism that ...
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Many literary criticism theories have developed based on other disciplines like linguistics and have, to a certain degree, an interdisciplinary character. Formalism as one of these kinds of theories, has had a tremendous influence on literary studies. Skaz is an important term in literary criticism that deals with the voices of the writer and the narrator and highlights the difference between the two. Dialogue-orientation, bilingualism, consideration for colloquialism, limitation of thought horizon, and absence of censorship and ambiguity in language are important features of Skaz. Paying attention to the element of narration and combining the ancient and ordinary language are the properties of Akhavan-Sales’ poetry which makes some of his poems open to analysis from the perspective of Skaz. This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, in order to review eighteen Akhavan-Sales’ poems on the basis of Skaz elements to answer the question that how extensive the skaz features related to structure and content are dominant in his poetry. The result of the study shows that in Akhavan-Sales’ narrative poetry the structural features as narration, bilingualism, dialogue-orientation and colloquial language are dominant over content features such as limitation of thought horizon, absence of censorship and ambiguity.
fatemeh golbabaee; Abdullah Albughobaish
Abstract
Comparative cultural studies in an age of globalization constitute a key analytical framework for literature, particularly intercultural texts. Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, a prominent researcher in comparative cultural studies, emphasizes the movement towards the dialogue of cultures and working ...
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Comparative cultural studies in an age of globalization constitute a key analytical framework for literature, particularly intercultural texts. Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, a prominent researcher in comparative cultural studies, emphasizes the movement towards the dialogue of cultures and working against the contemporary paradox of globalization versus localization. This essay employs a descriptive-analytical method, based on Tötösy's principles, to analyze a novel by Iranian Novelist Mahmoud Dolatabadi, “That Red Mane Mare”. The novel revolves around Imru' al-Qais, an ancient Arabian poet seeking revenge against his father's killers. While the meta-fictional presence of the author in the narrative and the relationship between the Persian man and Imru' al-Qais claim to establish a cross-cultural dialogue as its central discourse, fundamentally, merging the "other"’s voice in author’s and the recognition of the "other" based on the benefits it provides, contradict that claim. Indeed, the novel has serious cultural paradoxes that make it a local text without strong connections with the "other" as it seems.
Hossein Adhami; masroureh mokhtari; bizhan zahiri nav
Abstract
The novel Kelidar, the longest novel of Mahmoud Dolatabadi, tells the story of the uprising of the peasants of the Khorasan region in the 1320 s. In this work, Dolatabadi depicts the development and decline stages of this uprising with a realistic method. In this novel, the conflict between social classes, ...
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The novel Kelidar, the longest novel of Mahmoud Dolatabadi, tells the story of the uprising of the peasants of the Khorasan region in the 1320 s. In this work, Dolatabadi depicts the development and decline stages of this uprising with a realistic method. In this novel, the conflict between social classes, which can be classified into two classes, the lower and upper classes, leads to the armed uprising of a Kurdish youth named Gul Mohammad Kalmishi. At the beginning of this uprising, the lower classes of peasants and villagers who were fed up with the oppression of the lords supported Gul Mohammad, but as time passed, the lords who felt threatened by Gul Mohammad's power and reputation united against him and using the new political developments in the country, They accompany the government in suppressing this uprising. With an interdisciplinary approach (sociology and literature) and a descriptive-analytical method based on the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu (a famous French sociologist and theorist), this article tries to analyze social classes from the perspective of habits, capitals and inter-class relations, and the role of upper classes and Examine the subordinates in the formation and failure of this uprising. According to the findings of this research, in Kelider's novel, poverty and exploitation resulting from the unfair distribution of capital and its accumulation in the upper classes become the basis for the uprising of the lower classes, but finally, due to reasons such as lack of readiness in the lower classes ...
Tahere Mirhashemi
Abstract
persuasion is an important skill in human communication and it is an interdisciplinary subject that has been dealt with in various fields such as social psychology and communication sciences. The essay aims to investigate the process of persuasion in the book Kimiai Saadat written by Imam Mohammad Ghazali ...
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persuasion is an important skill in human communication and it is an interdisciplinary subject that has been dealt with in various fields such as social psychology and communication sciences. The essay aims to investigate the process of persuasion in the book Kimiai Saadat written by Imam Mohammad Ghazali (450-505 AH) within the framework of the persuasion model of Carl Howland, a social psychologist, and to answer this question in a descriptive-analytical method that What are the most obvious characteristics of the source, message, and audience that can lead to persuasion in the text of Kimiya-i-Sa'adat? The results show that credibility, power, and likability are the characteristics of the message sources of Kimiya-i-Sa'adat. In delivering the message, Ghazali paid attention to the characteristics of message comprehensibility, timely emphasis on emotion or reasoning, the order and arrangement of the message, and whether it is unilateral or bilateral. Intelligence and self-esteem are also among the components that have been taken into consideration in the selection of the in-text audience of Kimia Saadat.
Tahereh Ishany; Zeynab Rezaiee Barmi
Abstract
Folklore is an important indicator in determining the culture of each nation so that we can without doubt say that the most lasting and purest literary and artistic creations of mankind have been inspired by the folklore and literature of the masses. Lullabies are also part of the oral folk literature ...
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Folklore is an important indicator in determining the culture of each nation so that we can without doubt say that the most lasting and purest literary and artistic creations of mankind have been inspired by the folklore and literature of the masses. Lullabies are also part of the oral folk literature of the society which originated from the minds of the masses; hence, indirectly transferring different concepts to the minds of the listeners. Therefore, based on a descriptive-analytic approach in this article, we decided to answer questions like what issues do the written Persian lullabies cover in relation to the religious culture? And else what role do these Persian lullabies play in transferring it to children? The results of this study show that among mothers’ lullabies, religious culture has been expressed in different ways, such as "religious beliefs, moral beliefs, and public opinions", while the hypnotic melodies can play an important role in the religious identity of children. Therefore, mothers’ shares should not be underestimated in creation and development of such feelings and beliefs.
fatemeh hayatdavoodi
Abstract
The presence of nature in novel “Fig Tree of Temples” by Ahmad Mahmoud is subject to discourses that affect all structures of society, which can analyzed in four categories of subversion, rupture, externalization and alterity based on Foucault's thought. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical ...
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The presence of nature in novel “Fig Tree of Temples” by Ahmad Mahmoud is subject to discourses that affect all structures of society, which can analyzed in four categories of subversion, rupture, externalization and alterity based on Foucault's thought. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, we will deal with question that conflict between two discourses of tradition and modernity has contained what developments and consequences in biogeography of fictional society under our research? By responding to it, we will find out causes of lack of evolution of human and natural environment in order to reach a kind of epistemology in dealing with nature. The results of research indicate that, based on principle of inversion, man's domination over nature in modern era resulted in adverse consequences for environmental and human society. The destruction of garden and construction of town and lack of attention to nature and essence of nature in discourse of modernity reproduces breaking point of tradition and modernity. According to Foucault's principle of externality, inconsistency of existing layers in traditional and modern discourse and its application in a specific geographical area has caused entropy in biological and human society which is based on principle of alterity its roots can be seen in concepts of knowledge in two historical periods with different functions; Different functions that have formed resistances and caused ecological and human society not to go through an evolutionary process and do not imply emergence of new environmental propositions that will put nature on a new path.
Asiyeh Zabihnia Emran
Abstract
John Bowlby (1907-1990) is an English researcher famous for his child development and attachment theory. His view is one of the most important theories that refers to the relationship between parents (primary caregiver or wet nurse or substitute mother) and the child and its consequences in adulthood. ...
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John Bowlby (1907-1990) is an English researcher famous for his child development and attachment theory. His view is one of the most important theories that refers to the relationship between parents (primary caregiver or wet nurse or substitute mother) and the child and its consequences in adulthood. He defines attachment as a stable psychological relationship between two people that continues until adulthood because the behavior of dependence has a biological origin and forms the basis of emotional bonds. Childhood attachment extends to adulthood and determines the future of a person. Various narrations are available about the allegorical poems of Salámán and Absál. This is the story of Prince Salaman and wet-nurse, Absal who develops a fondness for him and turns into her romance. In this mystical story, a deep attachment and emotional bond between the wet nurse, who is like a mother, and the child emerges, which turns into a passionate love in adulthood. The wet-nurse creates such a safe base and a sense of security in Salaman that Salaman decides to commit suicide by avoiding the wet nurse. In this story, attachment has an evolving component that helps Salaman survive. According to the research results, in the story of Salámán and Absál, from Bowlby's view, an insecure relationship between parent and child has caused mistrust, difficulty in coordination and sensitivity, and emotional dissatisfaction in romantic relationships in adulthood.
hiva hasanpour; esmaeel tajbakhsh; najmeh nasiri panbechoole
Abstract
Narratology refers to the knowledge of analyzing stories and narrative texts, based on which one can reach an understanding and analysis of stories. One of the desired subjects of narratologists is the speed of narration, which is defined by distinguishing between the time of the text and the time of ...
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Narratology refers to the knowledge of analyzing stories and narrative texts, based on which one can reach an understanding and analysis of stories. One of the desired subjects of narratologists is the speed of narration, which is defined by distinguishing between the time of the text and the time of its narration. This research analyzed the speed of narration in the story of Zahhak as the first story with a full plot in the mythological part of the Shahnameh, The model under investigation is not Genette's model, but the model designed in the article "Models to check the speed of narration" based on core and related events. The results of the research indicate that 12 core events can be considered for this story, which the consistency of the story depends on them. In the second half of the story of Zahak, Ferdowsi has narrated the story in length and detail, and the speed of the narration is slow in this part. The reason is the stabilization of concepts arising from the confrontations between the forces of good and evil at the beginning of the narrative. In the first half of the story the speed of the narration is positive and Ferdowsi has tried to familiarize the reader with the atmosphere of the story by briefly introducing the main characters, the story's character dimensions, their basic and required actions. Only in one event, which is in the middle of the story, the speed of the narrative is tolerably constant.
Zahra Izadi; Fatemeh Parchegani
Abstract
Deconstructing Context is a philosophical reading style Jacques Derrida suggested for neutralizing or inverting existing binary oppositions in texts. Fables are appropriate alternatives for deconstruction training since they are highly capable of transferring concepts. Accordingly, fable deconstruction ...
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Deconstructing Context is a philosophical reading style Jacques Derrida suggested for neutralizing or inverting existing binary oppositions in texts. Fables are appropriate alternatives for deconstruction training since they are highly capable of transferring concepts. Accordingly, fable deconstruction produces new meanings and helps clarify textual beauties. Derrida's method of deconstructing literature and writing is based on finding binary oppositions in the text that determine its dominant ideology. The next step is to deconstruct these oppositions by finding contradictory elements in the text, and finally, a new reading based on this deconstruction completes the work. The present query deconstructed two fables of the One Thousand and One Nights Folktales, i.e., the Wolf and the Fox and the Fox and the Crow, by adopting a philosophical approach and following Derrida’s method. The results displayed the precedence of enmity in the Fox and the Wolf fable. The deconstruction neutralized this valuation and revealed a blend of friendship and enmity. However, binary oppositions emerged differently for every character in the Fox and the Crow fable, i.e., enmity and friendship forewent for the crow and the fox, and deconstruction through neutralizing these valuations bolded a no enmity-no friendliness condition.
Somayeh Sadat Shafiei; Zeinab Barzegari
Abstract
By asking about the status of nomadic communities in Iran in less than half a century ago, the present research explores the children's stories of a female writer who won the Iranian Council Children's Book Award in 1984. The question is that the stories that the author acknowledges; Mahdokht ...
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By asking about the status of nomadic communities in Iran in less than half a century ago, the present research explores the children's stories of a female writer who won the Iranian Council Children's Book Award in 1984. The question is that the stories that the author acknowledges; Mahdokht Kashkoli is derived from reality, what report does it give about the situation and social problems affecting the Qashqai tribe? What view do these stories present of social relations within the family and gender relations? The qualitative research method is based on the analysis of the narrative of five stories of the book Rasm Ma and Sahme Ma. The findings show that in terms of form, one story is close to memoir writing, one story is in the form of a tale, and the other three stories are in the form of a short story: all manifest a real style. Migration to the cities, stereotypical and sometimes disturbing images of nomads, drought and livelihood effects, lack of institutional support for nomadic social neighbors such as homeless women, the elderly, especially childless women, domestic violence, the domination of traditional societies such as blood-lust, among others. The most important social issues are reported during the stories. Also, narrating the daily life of women includes numerous and difficult mandatory and positive role expectations. Women are the main protagonists of the stories, and each of the characters is a glorious symbol of a mature, self-reliant, self-respecting, wise, kind, beautiful, patient and hardworking nomadic woman.
Majid Houshangi; sara bakhtiyari
Abstract
In the researches of contemporary literary criticism, interdisciplinary analyzes between various fields and types of art are of great importance. This issue arose from the intertextual theories that started with the dialogue approach of Kristeva and Bakhtin's texts and reached its peak in the intertextual ...
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In the researches of contemporary literary criticism, interdisciplinary analyzes between various fields and types of art are of great importance. This issue arose from the intertextual theories that started with the dialogue approach of Kristeva and Bakhtin's texts and reached its peak in the intertextual discussions of Gérard Genette. In the meantime, examining the relationships and dialogues between literature and other arts is very attractive among literary critics. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the relationship between Sadegh Hedayat's works and Qasim Hajizadeh's paintings with a descriptive-analytical method and with a more textual approach by Gerard Genet. From the results of this research, we can point to the direct and unconscious influence of Hedayat's character and his narratives on both linguistic and content levels in the form, structure and message of Hajizadeh's works. This effectiveness can be mentioned in the form of color selection, personality, location and use of visual symbols. On the other hand, in the field of messages such as anti-superstition, a critical look at the society's perception of women, isolation and alienation from oneself, and loneliness of modern man, Hajizadeh is more than anything influenced by the text and content data of Sadiq Hedayat.
Leila Rahmatian; Khalil Baygzade; Kamran Yazdanbakhsh
Abstract
Transactional acts begin when the Operant sends an instinctive Stimulus to the Respondent and the pay-off is the perception of “Ego states” from reality here and now. Eric Berne based his therapeutic attitude on the “Ego states” (child, parent, and adult). The research aimed to examine the structural ...
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Transactional acts begin when the Operant sends an instinctive Stimulus to the Respondent and the pay-off is the perception of “Ego states” from reality here and now. Eric Berne based his therapeutic attitude on the “Ego states” (child, parent, and adult). The research aimed to examine the structural pattern of Berne's games in several examples of behavioural exchanges in the Shahnameh and specify the appearance of the characters' "Ego states" according to life Scripts and incompatible schemas. In this research, we intend to Dramatic transactional acts investigation encountering “Tahmine and Tahmtan”, and the battle of “Gerdãfarid and Sohrab” according to the “Transactional Analysis” attitude. The psycho-oriented exploration of games leads to the reception of Transactional semantics, the pattern of "Ego State" in the characters' behaviours, appearing as a result of Schemes and Life Scripts. Berne believes that childhood experiences shape our understanding of life. He sees mythological thinking as symbolic of the "old Ego state" containing the blueprint for our lives. The Shahnameh's stories hold deep symbolic meaning ingrained in society's consciousness, influencing the destiny of nations through pre-conscious activism. Finally, the only psychological game of Tahmineh and Rostam is the “Cavalier” game; the operant is Tahmine and the Respondent is Rostam. In the battle between Gerdãfarid and Sohrab, we are witnessing two psychological games from the category of “Underworld” games: the operant is Gordãfarid and the Respondent is Sohrab.
zeinab akbari
Abstract
In traditional pragmatics, the "Cooperative Principle" is emphasized as the cornerstone of successful communication; however, mystical language often employs seemingly contradictory strategies such as "deliberate misunderstanding." This study investigates the phenomenon of deliberate ...
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In traditional pragmatics, the "Cooperative Principle" is emphasized as the cornerstone of successful communication; however, mystical language often employs seemingly contradictory strategies such as "deliberate misunderstanding." This study investigates the phenomenon of deliberate misunderstanding within mystical discourse through the lens of Socio-Cognitive Pragmatics (SCA). The aim is to elucidate the formation, functions, and influencing factors of deliberate misunderstanding in the verbal interactions of mystics by qualitatively analyzing a collection of mystical texts and dialogues from the 4th to 7th centuries. Deliberate misunderstanding arises from a complex interplay of "linguistic" (polysemy, resonance), "cognitive" (differences in levels of understanding, presuppositions, and beliefs), and "social" (goals and intentions, socio-cultural positioning, and power relations) factors. Findings reveal that this phenomenon is not merely a communication breakdown but a strategic tool for mystics to enhance the cognitive load of conversations, occurring based on two key factors: "salience" and "egocentrism." The implications and functions of deliberate misunderstanding in mystical language include redirecting discourse, indirect teaching, neutralizing threats, exhibiting spiritual authority, cultural-identity resistance, challenging established beliefs, and reshaping conceptual frameworks.
Zeinab Sadeghi Sahlabad
Abstract
The language and literature of a nation encompass a wide range of values, beliefs, and ideologies, which can play a significant role in enhancing international understanding and cultural diplomacy. The present research seeks to answer the question: What role does Persian literature, especially the Shahnameh, ...
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The language and literature of a nation encompass a wide range of values, beliefs, and ideologies, which can play a significant role in enhancing international understanding and cultural diplomacy. The present research seeks to answer the question: What role does Persian literature, especially the Shahnameh, play in strengthening Iran's cultural diplomacy in Russia? To answer this question, the research employs Joseph Nye's theory regarding the application of cultural diplomacy as a form of soft power. Using a descriptive-analytical approach with relevant examples, it highlights the prominent and decisive role of A. Ferdowsi in Iran's cultural diplomacy in Russia. The hypothesis posits that Persian literature, especially the Shahnameh, plays a crucial role in enhancing Iran's cultural diplomacy in Russia, serving as a bridge between the two nations and cultures while conveying positive images of Iranian culture and history. Furthermore, it suggests that this literature can contribute to literary tourism. The findings demonstrate that the Shahnameh has significantly influenced Russian literary figures, leading to the creation of literary works inspired by it. Consequently, it is concluded that due to its inherent capacities, the Shahnameh can effectively participate in intercultural discourse between Iran and Russia, thereby expanding the cultural boundaries of the country.
Alireza Mozaffari
Abstract
Mehrdad Bahar believed that Siavash's narration was taken from the Mesopotamian narration of Tammuz or Damozi. According to him, Siavash plays the role of a plant god. In this article, another version of the Vedic traditions, namely the story of Agni, the god of fire, is proposed as the basis of ...
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Mehrdad Bahar believed that Siavash's narration was taken from the Mesopotamian narration of Tammuz or Damozi. According to him, Siavash plays the role of a plant god. In this article, another version of the Vedic traditions, namely the story of Agni, the god of fire, is proposed as the basis of the story of Siavash. Siavash in the Iranian narrative is a derivative of Vedic Agni. Just as Agni is the son of Diaos and Prithivi, the gods of the sky and earth, Siavash is also the son of Kavus as the representative of Diaos, the god of the sky, and his mother from Turan, the earth, as the representative of the mother of the earth and the female god of fertility. Siavash, like Agni, the god of fire, is reborn with every death and blackout. Just as Kerchmer said that the birth of fire from mother earth causes the death of the mother, the birth of Siavash also follows the death of his mother. The fire in most of the dreams of Siavash and others in Ferdowsi's report always represents Siavash himself. Siavash's departure from Iran to Turan is another interpretation of the descent of Agni, the god of fire, from his fatherland, the sky, to the earth as his motherland. The death of Siavash and the growth of Siavashan's blood plant from his blood is an interpretation of the extinguishing of human fire and rebirth in the form of plant fire or (urwᾱziṧta) in the so-called Mazdisani texts.
Abolfazl Mohebbi; Kalil Beigzadeh
Abstract
Modern historicism is one of the theories in the field of literary criticism and one of the sub-branches of post-structuralism, which was founded by Steven Greenblatt in the late seventies and early eighties. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, ...
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Modern historicism is one of the theories in the field of literary criticism and one of the sub-branches of post-structuralism, which was founded by Steven Greenblatt in the late seventies and early eighties. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, modern historicism believes in the two-sided influence of literature and history on each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-descriptive approach, we have tried to examine the story of Khosroparviz and Bahram Chobin in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on the criticism of modern historicism, identify and analyze its discourses, and finally present a new meaning from it. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that three discourses of Bahram, Khosroparviz and Gardieh are represented in the story and each has its own special linguistic interpretations. The fundamental conflict is between Bahram Chubin and Khosroparviz. On the one hand, Bahram represents the Parthian discourse and on the other hand, the representative of the Pahlavi discourse. Khosroparviz is also a representative of the Shahriari discourse on the one hand and Sasanian discourse on the other hand. At the beginning of Bahram's discourse, the dominant discourse is the story; But Khosrow later becomes the central discourse.
Hadi Yousefi; Behzad Rezaee
Abstract
Abstract:
One of the new methods of psychoanalytic criticism of literary texts is based on Jacques Lacan's opinions, which uses the science of linguistics and philosophy The present study aims to analyze the novel " Mard-e Kaboud" by "Payam Azizi" in a descriptive-analytical ...
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Abstract:
One of the new methods of psychoanalytic criticism of literary texts is based on Jacques Lacan's opinions, which uses the science of linguistics and philosophy The present study aims to analyze the novel " Mard-e Kaboud" by "Payam Azizi" in a descriptive-analytical way due to the coherence and narration of the fundamental lack in the main character of the novel based on Lacan's opinions.The research results show that there are many elements of Lacan's opinions in the mentioned novel; But the main axis of the novel is formed around the two concepts of "father's name" and "psychological blockages". And the absence of names of all the characters in the novel shows the heavy shadow of reality, symbolic fathers are present in this novel with both positive and negative effects on the subject. Also, the phallus can be considered the most important factor in the continuation of the symbolic system in this novel and finally, separation, which is a proof of the wisdom and desire of the subject, takes place in the novel The Mard-e Kaboud.
zahra saadat mousavi; Mohammad Ali Khazaneh darlo; mahmood Ranjbar; Amir qorbanpoorlamfejani
Abstract
Happiness has many examples and manifestations in our literary and mystical texts, including Manazal Al-Saerin. The point of departure of this research is based on the hypothesis that the type of happiness proposed in the mystical work of Manazel Al-Saerin corresponds to the patterns of positive psychology. ...
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Happiness has many examples and manifestations in our literary and mystical texts, including Manazal Al-Saerin. The point of departure of this research is based on the hypothesis that the type of happiness proposed in the mystical work of Manazel Al-Saerin corresponds to the patterns of positive psychology. In this research, using qualitative content analysis, the concept of happiness in the homes of Al-Saareen and positive psychology has been investigated. The results show: the majority of Khwaja Abdullah Ansari's votes in Al-Saareen's houses are devoted to factors and manifestations of happiness. The process and factors of creating happiness such as: satisfaction and satisfaction, hope and love in the two views of Manazel al-Saerin and positive psychology, as well as the manifestations of happiness such as: joy, taste, delight and overwhelm in Manazel al-Saerin have been compared with some components of "drowning" in positive psychology. And the difference between both fields in the two schools is in the basics, scope, depth and purpose of happiness. Also, the approach of positive psychology and Manazel al-Saerin in the concept of happiness and the three components of happiness from the point of view of positive psychology, which includes positive emotion, attraction and meaning, overlap with each other in different material forms, but in the spiritual approach of happiness based on mysticism, the main axis of creating happiness. In terms of communication with God, knowing and knowing about him, contentment, hope and love for God are summed up.
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