Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistant Professor, Dari Persian Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Education, Jawzjan University, Jawzjan, Afghanistan
2
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction
Raziq Faani is one of Afghanistan's prominent contemporary poets, who, with the help of high formal and content values, has dealt with social criticism, reflecting personal feelings and describing human-social issues. He has expressed romantic, social, mystical, didactical, and resistance themes in the form of Ghazal, Qaseede, Masnavi, Qatae, Robaa'i, Chaharpare, Ghazal Masnavi, and Nimaa'i. Even though Faani has a complete command over the rules of classical and seminal poetry and is well acquainted with different aspects of Persian poetry and literary traditions. But his poetry and personality have remained unknown to Iranian literary lovers and researchiss and have received less attention in this country. For this reason, with the aim of analyzing the trantextual relationships of Razagh Faani's poems, the present research investigates the influence of the form and content of the predecessors' poetry on Faani's poem, and by using Genette's transtextuality theory, she studies and examines Faani's inspiration from the pioneers of Persian poetry. Thisefore, this research tries to get detailed answers to the following questions:
Which classical and contemporary poets of Persian poetry influenced Raziq Faani?
Transtextual relationships in Faani's poem are based on which types of transtextuality are established?
Faani has often followed which poets in a systematic manner in his artistic creations?
Review
Raziq Faani is one of the prominent figures of Afghanistan's contemporary poetry, who often pays attention to the basic features of romanticism and his sonnets are aesthetically prominent. Affection in Faani's poems mostly carries political and social concepts and sometimes the sadness of migration and displacement is added to these concepts and makes the content of his poems rich. Because Faani has a good ability in lyric writing, literary industries have been skillfully used in his poem and have increased their beauty.
Generically, Faani's poems are written with simple and intimate words, and this simplicity and intimacy are accompanied by effect of speach, elegance of language, moderate modernity, and fluid emotions. Also, the horizontal axis and the syntactic structure of most of Faani's poems are created by breaking the norms and this feature is prominent in some of his sonnets and half-lengths, which has increased the quality of the inner music of Faani's poetry. Faani paid attention to different poets in composing poems and was influenced by Abu Salik Gorgani, Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Molavi, Hafez, Bedil, Moshtagh Esfahani, Yaghma-ye Jandaqi, Shater Abbas Sabouhi, Ismael Balkhi, and Simin Behbahani based on different types of trantextuality relationships.
Conclusion
Faani is one of the prominent poets of Afghanistan's contemporary poetry, who has reflected romantic, social, critical, resistance, didactical, and mystical themes in the forms of Ghazal, Masnavi, Qaseede, Robaa'i, Chaharpare, Makhmas, and Nimaa'I. For this reason, the findings of the current research on the topic of "The Survey and Analysis Study of Trantextuality Relationships in Raziq Faani's Poems" are as follows:
Faani paid attention to the writing of ten ghazals, three masnavis, two qaseedes, and one makhmas in the poems of Abu Salik Gorgan, Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Molavi, Hafez, Bedil, Moshtagh Esfahani, Yaghma-ye Jandaqi, Shater Abbas Sabouhi, Ismael Balkhi, and Simin Behbahani based on the relationship types of intertextual, paratextual, and architextual.
He wrote one qaseedeh based on the inspiration of Abu Salik; one masnavi with influence from Rudaki's Kalila and Demna; one Masnawi epic by imitating of Ferdowsi; two Masnawis, one qaseede and a Ghazal influenced by Masnavi of Mawlavi and his Ghazals; one ghazal masnavi and three ghazals according to Hafez's ghazals; two ghazals according to Bedil's ghazals; one Makhams according to Moshtagh Esfahani's poems; one ghazal with the influence of Yaghma-ye Jandaqi's poems. He wrote one ghazal with the inspiration of Shater Abbas Sabouhi one ghazal by imitating poem of Ismael Balkhi, and one qaseedeh with the influence of Simin Behbahani.
Faani paid more attention to Molavi and Hafez and was systematically influenced by these two poets based on the types of intertextuality, architextuality, and paratextuality.
Keywords: Afghanistan's contemporary poetry, Razaq Faani, transtextuality, Gérard Genette.
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