Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Associate Professor, of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 PhD student of Persian language and literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Abstract
1.introduction
Social Constructionism is an approach that has been widely employed in numerous academic disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, philosophy, and literature. According to this approach, knowledge, meaning, and truth are understood to be socially constructed, and the structure of knowledge is influenced by social connections. They believe that all these social and individual actions are human creations and artifacts grounded in history, culture, and society and since these processes are subject to variability, the resulting reality is likewise variable. In fact, they do not deny human creations, rather, it serves to emphasize the constructed nature of tangible realities such as cultural practices and economic disparities, as well as intangible aspects like emotional articulations of familial dynamic which have become an institution or a habit as a result of repetition occurrences are products of construction. From the perspective of constructivism everything should be challenged and the mental and semantic deposits should be destroyed. In other words, they seek to discover the reality of how these things and phenomena are constructed and what is behind them?
Since social constructivism is a critical approach, its foremost concern lies in highlighting the ways through which we perceive and construct our reality and the analysis of literary works through this perspective unveils the hidden truths beneath their outer layers, exposing the depths of these texts. "The novel Suvashun stands out as a significant contemporary piece of fiction, characterized by its linguistic prowess and profound storytelling. Addressing pivotal social and cultural themes, a closer examination of this novel from a social constructivist viewpoint can offer fresh insights into its portrayal of the societal dynamics."
1- 2 Materials & Methods
Given that social constructivism intertwines with a critical approach and inherently concerns itself with society and the environment, this research endeavors to employ the library study method and the descriptive-analytical method. Our initial step involves scrutinizing and documenting pertinent evidence and concepts from Suvashun's novel, following which we will assess and analyze these findings through the lens of social constructivism.
2- Discussion & Result
A constructivist reading of narrative texts refers to a literary and analytical approach in which the narrative text is regarded as a dynamic and multilayered structure. This approach focuses on the structuring of narrative elements, characters, setting, and events, emphasizing their impact on the audience's understanding and interpretation. Based on the theory of social constructivism in prominent literary works of each period or era, it can be argued that literary works, rather than directly reflecting social realities, actively construct these realities through their narrative structures. From a constructivist perspective, Simin Daneshvar’s works, particularly the novel Suvushun, effectively address social conditions, including the role of women, patriarchy, ethnic and familial relationships, and the presence of foreign powers in Iran. In Suvushun, Daneshvar illustrates how Iranian society’s social conditions evolve under the influence of historical, cultural, and political events.
3-Conclusion
The narrative of Suvashun stands as a notable exemplar for examination through the lens of social constructivism. Gender, power dynamics, familial structures, societal influences, and religious elements constitute the facets scrutinized in this investigation, viewed through a constructivist framework. When it comes to gender, it must be acknowledged that gender disparities and prevailing social roles within society stem from the impact of intricate social and cultural dynamics. Suvashun's novel portrays Zari as a symbol of freedom and a strong commitment to family values. Initially, she adopts a conservative approach to safeguard her family's well-being. However, following the tragic demise of her husband, Yusuf, a figure synonymous with genuineness, intellect, advocacy for justice, and support for the underprivileged, Zari undergoes a transformation. She emerges as a vocal advocate for social change, embracing the role of a passionate social activist. In light of the social milieu and environmental factors shaping her circumstances, Zari emerges from a state of passivity to assume an active role within the social sphere as a woman. In Suvashun's novel, the act of swearing to Hazrat Abbas by Joseph's shepherd, like many other events in the story, can be considered as a symbolic element in the process of constructing meaning and interpreting reality. This gesture may serve as a symbol of deeply held beliefs and values that guide individuals in their pursuit of truth and enlightenment. Lying is a social construct created by individuals in society that has an impact on relationships and social realities. Factors such as culture, values, attitudes, and social conditions can play an important role in the formation and spread of lies. In this novel, Zari resorts to lies in the story of giving Khosrow's horse to the ruler's daughter, employing this gesture as a pre-emptive measure to avert a perceived future outcome. Zari's skepticism in this text stemming from his critique and analysis of social structures and values, as well as his criticisms and cultural and social background, may influence his decisions and actions. With statements of herself, Zari shows that she recognizes fear, inefficiency, and softness as her qualities and needs to justify these qualities. The exchange of perspectives between Zari and Yusuf shows that fear and doubt are normal in life decisions, especially when we are faced with change, and social connection can also play an important role in influencing one's decisions. This story vividly illustrates the profound impact of power distribution within societies, unveiling how power can create different realities that cause a variety of effects on social behaviors and communication.
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