Introduction
The present paper examines the behavioral traits of the characters in the novel Fall of the Final Season of Nasim Marashi (born in 1984) based on the theory of traits from the point of view of Raymond Cattell (1905-1998 AD). The main characters of the mentioned novel are three women named Leila, Roja, and Shabana who have behavioral traits that are involved in migration, family, emotional, and work relationships. One of the viewpoints about personality can be called Raymond Cattell's trait theory. This theory tries to describe the person’s traits caused by their behavior. According to Raymond Cattell, traits are a psychological structure inferred from specific human behavior observation. In a person's personality, formal traits are obvious and superficial, and their durability is very short, while deep traits are durable and are more important in Cattell's view. Raymond Cattell presents sixteen factors about personality traits, thirteen of which can be seen in the novel under review.
The present paper tries to answer this main question in a descriptive-analytical way, based on Cattell's theory. The characters of the novel and their main types are analysed in the study. According to the results of the research, the most common character type based on Raymond Cattell's personality type theories is the anxious and disturbed character. This character appears in the autumn story in the last season of the year. The other prominent character is that of the night mother. She is worried and disturbed due to social problems, working outside the home, and taking care of her mentally retarded child.
Materials & Methods
This paper is written based on library tools and the research findings and is presented in descriptive and analytical form.
Discussion & Result
Characters are significant in the novel because they move the story forward with their behavior and speech. Fictional characters reflect life, effort, spirit of altruism, pessimism, optimism, jealousy, etc. In characterization, the author must always be with the characters of her story and live and get familiar with them, and progress her story by using the character's presence in the novel in the form of behavior, speech, and actions. The characters must act, or the story will feel like an essay. Therefore, the character of each person in the fiction shows the author's processing method and the specific purpose that the writer has for creating that character. In addition to the novel, characters are also important in psychology. From this point of view, they can be used in interdisciplinary research. Interdisciplinary research is a solution that should be considered to speed up the promotion and spread of scientific development to provide a platform for researchers of all disciplines. This problem leads to the knowledge of more scientific efforts. Raymond Cattell's theory of personality and personality traits is one of the topics discussed in psychology that examines personality theory from Cattell's point of view. The novel Autumn is the Last Season of the Year by Nasim Marashi, is a character-oriented story. This research tries to investigate the similarities between the characters of the above-mentioned novel from Cattell's point of view. This paper answers the following questions:
- In the story of autumn, it is the last season of the year, can this be accepted and approved character based on Cattell's theory?
- In the story of autumn, it is the last season of the year, can there be a despicable character according to Cattell's theory?
Conclusion
In the story of autumn, it is the last season of the year, the accepted and approved character based on Cattell's theory is Roja, who is independent, self-reliant, and bold.
In the story of autumn, it is the last season of the year, according to Cattell's theory, the despicable character who is always anxious and disturbed is the night mother, whose anxiety casts an ominous shadow on her family.
In general, anxious characters (three types) and risk-taker characters (two types) are assigned to the highest frequency in the novel Autumn is the last season of the year.
Other results of this paper include the following:
In the novel Autumn is the last season of the year, according to Raymond Bernard Cattell's opinion, Nasim Marashi used the method of investigating the life case to achieve the deep characteristics of the characters which include information about the person's past obtained through the official records of the centers or interviews with the person's friends and family. This is the same method used in the characters of the three protagonists and the main narrator of the mentioned novel, namely Leila, Roja, and Shabana. By comparison with other people in the story, Leila is among all the characters who possess the dynamic traits, abilities, and temperament from Cattell's point of view.