Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of persion literature,Shahed University,Facault of Humanty .Iran , Tehran
2 Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages of Mazandaran University. Babolsar. Iran
3 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Management and Human Sciences, Chabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences., Chabahar, Iran
4 Azad University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Persian Language and Literature,Tehran , Iran.
Abstract
Objectification, as a sociological component, is a term introduced by Georg Lukács as part of his dialectical theory regarding various societies worldwide. It articulates the process of substituting human relationships with objects, essentially enabling the transformation of products and labor into commodities. Alexei Tolstoy, in his three-volume story "Passage through Hell," beyond narrating parts of Russian history, effectively portrays the objectification of individuals in Russian society in certain passages of this work. Similarly, Abbas Maroufi also references objectification in the characters of his novel "Symphony of the Dead." This study, through the analysis of these two works from the perspective of Lukács' objectification theory with a binary approach, aims to answer how objectification is reflected in these two works based on this theory. This research, conducted through qualitative-documentary methods by consulting library sources, reveals that the reflections of Lukács' objectification theory are prominently observable in sections of these two works through the lens of cultural industries, media and advertising, the fashion industry, art, and more. Additionally, there are significant indications towards fostering a consumerist and submissive mentality as mental and tangible consequences of this modern colonial culture. Tolstoy presents a comprehensive portrayal of objectified human lives through the characters in his work, inviting the reader to contemplate the existential and social nature of humans. Maroufi takes a more serious approach, exemplified by the further objectification of factory workers, such as Mr. Lord's death symbolizing their increased objectification.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)