Representing the role of Persian literature in Iran's cultural diplomacy in Russia: A case study of Ferdowsi's influence

Sadeghi Sahlabad, Zeinab

doi:10.30465/lir.2025.50274.1941

Representing the role of Persian literature in Iran's cultural diplomacy in Russia: A case study of Ferdowsi's influence

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Zeinab Sadeghi Sahlabad

Associate Professor, Department of Russian Language, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

10.30465/lir.2025.50274.1941

Abstract

Introduction
Literature plays a vital role in cultural diplomacy by preserving and transmitting societal values and beliefs. This research explores how literature serves as a tool for conveying cultural concepts and enhancing understanding of identity. In an era of globalization, the importance of culture in diplomacy is heightened, particularly for Iran, which faces negative perceptions globally. The Islamic Republic Iran must promote an authentic image of its culture through effective cultural diplomacy. Persian literature, especially the Shahnameh, is a powerful medium for cultural transmission, influencing other nations and enhancing Iran's international standing. This study highlights the impact of Persian literature on Russian writers and its potential to shape cultural diplomacy strategies in Russia, making the Shahnameh an ideal focus for this research.

Materials & Methods
In all relevant articles in this field, the use of cultural diplomacy as soft power and audience attraction has been emphasized. Some of them also mention «literature» as one of the tools of cultural diplomacy. However, this topic has not been expanded upon in any of the studies, and particularly, the role and position of A. Ferdowsi and the impact of his literary treasure on the cultural relations between Iran and Russia have not been addressed.
This research is grounded in Joseph Nye's theory of soft power, which asserts that the cultural elements of a country, such as language and literature, enhance its global influence. Nye defines soft power as the ability to attract rather than coerce, with cultural diplomacy promoting a coherent image aligned with universal values. The study emphasizes the Shahnameh as a symbol of Iranian culture, leveraging its universal messages to serve as a tool of soft power in Iran's cultural diplomacy in Russia. It highlights the Shahnameh's impact on Russian literary figures and its role in fostering a positive image of Iran.

Discussion & Result
Ferdowsi is recognized not only as a great poet but also as a cultural and historical figure in Russia, symbolizing the valuable solidarity and friendship between the peoples of Iran and Russia. Through his literary masterpiece, he has strengthened cultural connections between Iran and Russia and fostered unity between the two nations. The necessary conditions for understanding and appreciating the Shahnameh in Russia seem to be well established, as the epic resonates with the nature of the Russian people. Every nation with a stronger and more authentic national pride develops an epic. The influence of the Shahnameh on Russian folklore and literature is so profound that some even trace the roots of Russian heroes back to it. Russian poets and writers greatly value Ferdowsi's epic, believing that the «Shahnameh» reflects a complete history of Iran with its colorful motifs, blending truth and the myths of heroes and kings. The Shahnameh serves as a precious resource for historians, linguists, and researchers, and it can also play a significant role in «literary tourism», which has received less attention.

Conclusion
In this article, the role and significance of the Shahnameh in shaping a positive image of Iran in Russia and in developing and maintaining cultural relations between the two countries were examined. It was revealed how prominent poets and literary figures not only enrich their national literature but can also serve as instruments of soft power in diplomacy, positively influencing perceptions of their country among other nations. Persian literature, particularly the Shahnameh, with its unique depth and subtlety, acts as a mirror reflecting human values and messages without limitations. The primary function of cultural diplomacy is to present an attractive and favorable image of a country in the international community, especially since public opinion significantly impacts government policies today. The humanistic messages of the Shahnameh align with universal values, enabling it to function as a form of soft power that enhances understanding of Iranian identity and culture beyond its borders, fostering mutual understanding and trust. Persian literature transcends geographical boundaries, embodying cultural and human values abroad, demonstrating Joseph Nye's concepts of «attraction» and «enchantment». This cultural geography, expanded by Persian literature, is notable for its historical depth and its influence on other cultures. Thus, Persian literature and the Shahnameh serve as a bridge connecting diverse audiences worldwide through humanitarian themes such as love, justice, and respect for humanity. To strengthen the Shahnameh's position in Russia and create a positive image of Iranian culture, initiatives such as exhibitions, seminars, competitions, performances, and scholarships focused on Shahnameh studies should be pursued.

Keywords

Cultural Diplomacy

Russia

Shahnameh

Ferdowsi

Interdisciplinary Studies

Subjects

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