Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Abstract
growth psychology, by taking a stand against the two prominent schools of its time, i.e. behaviorism and psychoanalysis, tried to focus on the neglected aspects of human nature, and it was in this direction that two famous psychologists, Abraham Maslow and Erich Fromm, in their researches , proposed the theory of "being an art"; It means the art of using all human abilities, which can only be achieved by getting rid of "havings", i.e., narcissism, selfishness, and self-righteousness. . It should be mentioned that Forum explicitly used the word "having"; But Maslow shows possession with a hierarchy of needs that must be fulfilled to the extent necessary to achieve self-fulfillment. On the other hand, due to Ghazali's special attention to man and his perfection, this theory can be analyzed in a mystical and moral book such as Alchemy of Happiness. This research aims to determine the form of the culture of "having" and the art of "being" in the thought of Ghazali and perfectionist psychologists the with the method of qualitative content analysis and inductive method. The findings indicate that Ghazali, like perfectionist psychologists, paid attention to his needs and pleasures with his comprehensive understanding of man. But he does not consider it worthy of man to stay in them, and he believes that man was created for a higher purpose, which shows that purpose with manifestations of being; However, due to the "God-centered" and "man-centered" views, these two views have differences.
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