MASOUD BAVANPOORI; NARGES LORESTANI
Abstract
Given the increasing growth of scientific productions in Iran and in the world, the need for criteria for measuring and comparing scientific publications is highly felt by using scientism; a science that uses the data analysis method Is used. The Arabic Language and Literature Magazine of Ferdowsi University ...
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Given the increasing growth of scientific productions in Iran and in the world, the need for criteria for measuring and comparing scientific publications is highly felt by using scientism; a science that uses the data analysis method Is used. The Arabic Language and Literature Magazine of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad is one of the most trusted journals in the field of Arabic language and literature in Iran. In 11 issues published, 82 articles from 131 authors with valid academic degrees and 27 University and educational institute. The present paper aims at analyzing the statistical and analytical number of authors, articles, authorship, cooperation between authors, centers and institutes active in the journal. In the meantime, the following results are obtained: 37 articles are written individually and 45 articles are jointly written, 36 articles from joint papers are presented as an associate and 9 articles are non-academic. Hassan Abdollahi, with 5 papers, has the highest participation in writing articles and the most frequent scientific papers with 45.8 belongs to the professors. Contemporary literature has also been the most frequent subject in articles with 30.4.
morteza afshar; Farid mohseni
Abstract
Saadi is one of the famous and well-known Iranian literary whose literary works are unique in the world. he is one of the educated of rich Iranian and Islamic culture And many of his theories and discourses are rooted in Islamic verses and traditions.In this work we will see that Saadi considers the ...
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Saadi is one of the famous and well-known Iranian literary whose literary works are unique in the world. he is one of the educated of rich Iranian and Islamic culture And many of his theories and discourses are rooted in Islamic verses and traditions.In this work we will see that Saadi considers the causes of diversion and delinquency to be biological, environmental and social factors. He also points out that culture and economics (especially poverty) have a significant influence on the formation of deviant behavior.If we look at Saadi''s work from the perspective of criminology, the traces of theories like criminal born, Labeling Theory, Differential association, Marxist criminology, is well known. Saadi also emphasized the importance of prevention and helpful strategies such Reward and punishment, education and training, Offers a steady stream of deviation.in this work, identifying and investigating the theories of Saadi and explaining the relation of these theories with some of the theories of criminology, we analyze the apparent contradiction between some of the theories and thoughts of Saadi and conclude that there is no contradiction in Saadi''s remarks.
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi; hossein qasemizadeh
Abstract
Khosrow and Shirin is one of Ganji's most important military works in the field of Ghanaian literature. Nezami has portrayed one of the most important pre-Islamic love stories in this poem. In this study, the character of Farhad has been analyzed and analyzed using a descriptive-analytic method of library ...
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Khosrow and Shirin is one of Ganji's most important military works in the field of Ghanaian literature. Nezami has portrayed one of the most important pre-Islamic love stories in this poem. In this study, the character of Farhad has been analyzed and analyzed using a descriptive-analytic method of library study and the use of Erik Forum's Love Theory (which is psychological theory). The study shows that Farhad in Khosrow and Shirin is a true lover who experiences many hardships in the path of love and features such as: self-sacrifice, compassion, sense of responsibility, respect and knowledge that are the most important The qualities of love are in Eric Forum's theory of love, fully possessed. Farhad also possesses the qualities he desires to achieve in love, and he is on the path to being a purposeful, realistic, faithful, and active person. On this basis, from a psychological perspective, Farhad possesses all the attributes and attributes of a true lover, and the quality of his presence in the story and the events that take place is a testament to this claim.
seyed naser jaberi ardakani; Hossien Aliakbari; darya mohit
Abstract
Maulana Jalaladdin Rumi's Masnavi is an encyclopedia of the Islamic culture of Iran. Because it includes many stories and demonstrates Rumi's thoughtfulness regarding psychological problems of his time, one will have no doubt to admit that Masnavi is a great work of art and literature and has to be pondered ...
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Maulana Jalaladdin Rumi's Masnavi is an encyclopedia of the Islamic culture of Iran. Because it includes many stories and demonstrates Rumi's thoughtfulness regarding psychological problems of his time, one will have no doubt to admit that Masnavi is a great work of art and literature and has to be pondered on and examined closely. That is why there is an attempt here to study the sexual issues and problems of LGBT, especially due to the fact that such issues have not yet been scrutinized by the Maulana scholars out of the fear of the orthodox reactions of their public or those of the elite audience. The study questions of this project are: which sexual disorders have been implicated by the stories, and what is Rumi's opinion about the people with different sexual identities? The aim of this study is to inspect Maulana's opinion about LGTB and, at the same time, This research shows that different types of sexual disorders have been designated and criticized by Rumi in the form of humor and anecdotes. These include: homosexuality, pedophilia, bestiality, sexual exploitation, castration, exhibitionism. The two sexual unorthodox groups of people who were reproached at Rumi's time are: the Mokhannath and Sa'tari which are now known as transgender. What is interesting is the fact that Rumi considered their sexual differences to be innate and God-given. This is a huge contradiction at the heart of his philosophy that can be examined and clarified.
Fateme Aghanouri; ehsan reisi; ali asghar mirbagherifard; mohamad hosein heidari
Abstract
Rewriting texts that are very important topics and connect culturally different generations. The activity is scientific-creative rewriting; Know that in order to perform a successful rewriting, the headquarters had scientific aristocracy over the ancient text and in the rewriting process, scientific ...
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Rewriting texts that are very important topics and connect culturally different generations. The activity is scientific-creative rewriting; Know that in order to perform a successful rewriting, the headquarters had scientific aristocracy over the ancient text and in the rewriting process, scientific principles must be considered. The importance of this model and its sensitivity is doubled when the target audience of the rewrite is children. Unfortunately, such a model has not been presented in this regard so far, and this is probably why there are various shortcomings in the rewritten texts. Using the topics and theories of educational sciences and literary sciences, this article has tried to design a step-by-step model for rewriting Masnavi for children aged 7-12years. The basis of educational science This model is based on the views of Montessori.Extracting the main intentions of Rumi from composing Masnavi from reliable and scientific sources, understanding the context and position of the story in Rumi's words, using the weight of Masnavi, deleting sub-stories, using a second-person narrator in terms of perspective, etc. are among the topics that are considered. The uniqueness of Masnavi and especially the rewriting of Rumi's Masnavi is considered as one of the elements of Persian order and is one of the achievements of this research. In the end, based on the presented model, one of the stories of Masnavi has been rewritten.. This research has facilitated and explained the implementation of rewriting principles for children in the form of a methodical model and using Montessori educational perspectives.
Bahare Ahmadi Kamalvand; Siavash Moradi
Abstract
In many of Bahram Beizai's works, one of the main concerns is to show the interactions of the tyranny system and individuals in society, that in there, Tyranny, as a historical and cultural complication, is tied to the minds and lives of the people. In response, the emergence of the hero is a recurring ...
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In many of Bahram Beizai's works, one of the main concerns is to show the interactions of the tyranny system and individuals in society, that in there, Tyranny, as a historical and cultural complication, is tied to the minds and lives of the people. In response, the emergence of the hero is a recurring theme in overthrowing authoritarian oppression and in the face of the turbulent situation that has occurred so much in history. This appearance, however, has another side that in the face of the effects of tyranny, people stop trying to see the flaws and stop looking for endogenous solutions and, like an immature child, wait for the emergence of a superior force to solve problems with its help. This issue is clearly raised in some of Beizai's literary works. This paper criticizes this fundamental issue of society through dramatic literature another question is how do individuals themselves play a role in the perpetuation of authoritarian rule? Among Beizai's works, the screenplay of "Ghesseha-ye Mard-e Kafanpoosh (Tales of shrouded man)" is in the center of the present article. In addition, the irresponsibility of individuals as one of the roots of demand for hero process of the people of the society in the Screenplay "Ahoo, Salandar, Talkhak va Digaran (Talkhak & Others)" as one of the factors of the issue of Tyranny is examined. For theoretical analysis, Manes Sperber’s approach has been used in the psychological analysis of Tyranny Which is shown. By help of it and some other psychological texts is shown that in Tyranny conditions, the extreme expectation of the people for the emergence of a hero, while showing signs of illusion and self-deception in individuals, also constantly is exploited society by tyrannical rulers.
Fatemeh Soghra asgharimehr; Amir Ismail Azar; sara Zirak
Abstract
Positive psychology focuses on human’s abilities and shows the way to peace in human societies. Seligman, the founder of this science, tries to express what Aristotle called the "good life" by explaining the emotions of the time (present, past, future). Therefore, according to Seligman, the nature ...
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Positive psychology focuses on human’s abilities and shows the way to peace in human societies. Seligman, the founder of this science, tries to express what Aristotle called the "good life" by explaining the emotions of the time (present, past, future). Therefore, according to Seligman, the nature of lasting happiness in the past is to get "satisfaction". But in the past he believed in how to: change your mind, increase gratitude and learn to forgive. Satisfaction is achievable. Consequently, satisfaction with life is based on the cognitive components of the individual. On the other hand, one of the transcendent concepts of Islamic mysticism is "satisfaction", which can be achieved through self-awareness and explanation of positivist teachings. Rumi also pays special attention to moral teachings with a positive attitude and a focus on the perfect person. Investigating such a precious heritage with a new approach shows that theoretical issues are not separate from the worldview and cultural heritage. In this research, the components of positive psychology in Masnavi were identified and adapted using descriptive analytical methods to achieve satisfaction. The main question of this article in Masnavi's text is “To what extent does the acquisition of satisfaction as a basic need of modern man correspond to the components proposed by Seligman?”. In conclusion the joint achievements of both thinkers are the result of a deep connection with "faith". But Rumi's vision is bolder in this regard; Because relying on divine spiritual values and Islamic mysticism makes him a guide to eternal happiness.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Hassan Albari Beiragh; Rostam Shahmohammadi; Amineh Haghighi Poshtiri
Abstract
AbstractThe idea of "evolution based on natural selection" was introduced by Charles Darwin in the second half of the nineteenth century, it did not remain only in the field of biology and had a profound effect on the understanding of humanities and social scientists of the subjects they studied. Psychology ...
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AbstractThe idea of "evolution based on natural selection" was introduced by Charles Darwin in the second half of the nineteenth century, it did not remain only in the field of biology and had a profound effect on the understanding of humanities and social scientists of the subjects they studied. Psychology and literary criticism were among the teachings that were influenced by this theory in terms of insight and method, and founded literary Darwinism. Literary Darwinism claims that literary behaviors are rooted in mankind evolved nature. Of course, sometimes the term "evolutionary critique" has replaced "literary Darwinism" and been used instead.In this article, we have tried to present a report on the influence of literature and literary criticism on the theory of evolution and show that evolutionary literary criticism seeks to identify basic and common human needs such as: sexual attractiveness, childbearing, social status and Like them. Therefore, based on evolutionary psychology and biology, while presenting a new reading of literary texts, to explore the human characters represented in literature. After introducing this approach to the literary text, using a descriptive-analytical method, one of the most popular contemporary Iranian novels (Bamdad Khomar) written by Fataneh Haj Seyed Javadi has been Evolutionary Criticism examined. We have come to the conclusion that literary evolutionary critique, Has the capacity to represent the biological content of fiction texts, it depicts human nature well through the analysis of these types of texts.
Literary interdisciplinary research
zahra ehsani; hamidreza shairi; morteza babak moin
Abstract
The elements of the discourse are generally convergent with their existence universe in adjustable regime; if this regime is not adjustable (discontinuity), it behaves divergently with its existence universe. Therefore, the current research tries to deal with the formation of adjustment and discontinuity ...
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The elements of the discourse are generally convergent with their existence universe in adjustable regime; if this regime is not adjustable (discontinuity), it behaves divergently with its existence universe. Therefore, the current research tries to deal with the formation of adjustment and discontinuity regime based on discourse semiotics in Puzzle of Architect Mahyar drama by Reza Ghasemi. Hence, eight samples were selected from the whole body and analyzed in a descriptive analytical way. The results obtained in this research indicate that, first, identity is formed in relation to body orientation; Secondly, an identity collapses when it faces the separation of the physical and material body from the phenomenal body. This creates insecurity in the discourse and finally, it causes the occurrence of discontinuity in the conditions of challenge, and it is precisely in this state that the frozen and fixed situation breaks down and semantic transformation occurs.
Elahe Feizi Moghaddam; Mohammad Aref; MohamadReza Sharif Zadeh
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is the hypertextual study of the compound metamorphosis myths in Bahram Beyzai''''s plays based on the theory of Gérard Genette. Hypertextuality is one of the types of Genette'''' transtextuality, which represents the connection between two texts. This theory expresses the ...
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The purpose of this paper is the hypertextual study of the compound metamorphosis myths in Bahram Beyzai''''s plays based on the theory of Gérard Genette. Hypertextuality is one of the types of Genette'''' transtextuality, which represents the connection between two texts. This theory expresses the effectiveness and derivation of the hypotext on the hypertext and includes two basic types, imitation and transformation. The compound metamorphosis myths are considered to be one of the most important surprising elements in the literature. In metamorphosis, creatures transform from one form to another and in the combined structure, creatures are represented as a composite of humans, animals, etc. Literature is considered as the origin of the presence of myths which both impress mutually on each other. This connection provides an opportunity to study them with respect to the theory of hypertextuality. The results of this study reveal that these creatures exist in eighteen plays written by Beyzai, and their existence is inspired by mythological literature, folk tales and heroic poems. In the process of turning mythological narratives into plays, Beyzai has been loyal to the main themes and has often used them directly. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical, and based on the qualitative content analysis, the features of the compound metamorphosis creatures have been identified in Beyzai''''s plays and according to the theory of hypertextuality, the interactions of the plays with ancient literature have been studied.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Issa Amankhani; Parisa Rafiee
Abstract
Introduction
One of the subjects that must be addressed in the study of contemporary Iranian literature is the impact of political, philosophical, and economic systems, or more precisely, the history of ideas. For example, understanding our contemporary literature is impossible without familiarity with ...
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Introduction
One of the subjects that must be addressed in the study of contemporary Iranian literature is the impact of political, philosophical, and economic systems, or more precisely, the history of ideas. For example, understanding our contemporary literature is impossible without familiarity with the views of existentialist philosophers (Sartre, Heidegger, Camus, etc.) just as a precise comprehension of contemporary literature cannot be claimed without knowledge of Marxism and the thoughts of its intellectuals. This issue can be extended to other fields such as zoology. Darwin, the great nineteenth-century zoologist, though a zoologist, soon caught the attention of elites in other fields (especially in the humanities) who attempted to apply his theory to their own area of study. This is why we encounter many individuals, not only in the West but also in Iran, who have openly spoken of their influence by Darwin and his thought; Malik al-Shu'ara Bahar is one of these individuals. In his famous book on stylistics, he followed Darwin and his method, trying to examine the evolution of vocabulary in the same way Darwin had examined the evolution of animals. The influence of Darwin's views was not limited to stylistics and occurred in other areas such as literary criticism.
Review
The present research aims to show the various forms of Darwin's influence on contemporary literature. This study attempts to answer several questions related to Darwin and his impact on contemporary literature. These questions include: Which contemporary poets and writers have been influenced by Darwin in creating their literary works? To what extent has the emergence of a new definition of literary criticism in the contemporary era been due to Iranians' familiarity with Darwin's ideas? How did Darwin's theory inspire Malik al-Shu'ara Bahar in establishing the science of stylistics? What role has Darwin's theory played in strengthening modern literary modernity in contemporary Iran?
Methodology
The methodology of the current research is citation-based and relies on the examination of documents, books, and dissertations written in the contemporary period (from the late Qajar dynasty to the Islamic Revolution). Initially, all works written about Darwin or inspired by Darwin's theory were collected, and then, with a critical eye, various forms of Darwin's influence (in fields such as literary criticism, literary modernity, etc.) were examined and categorized.
Conclusion
The influence of Darwin and his ideas on Persian literature is much greater than it appears at first glance. This influence can be examined in four different forms. A) Content-wise: Some Iranian poets and writers, who rightly believed in Darwin's views, expressed Darwin's teachings in their works; Mirzadeh Eshghi is the most famous of these poets. However, apart from him, others like Sadegh Hedayat, who in the story of "Adam's Fathers," were influenced by Darwin's theory, can be mentioned. B) Literary modernity: The presence of Darwin's ideas in the essays of pioneers of literary modernity is evident. This presence is most notable in the works of Bahar and then in the essay "Old and New" by Abbas Iqbal Ashtiani. These innovators referred to Darwin and his views on the gradual evolution of beings to prove the gradual and peaceful (not revolutionary) nature of literary modernity. C) Stylistics: Bahar acknowledges his debt to Darwin in his own stylistics and his book on stylistics to the extent that it can be boldly stated that without familiarity with Darwin's theory, a deep understanding of Bahar's stylistics would not be possible. D) Modern literary criticism: A comparative analysis of the characteristics of modern literary criticism with Darwin's views leaves no doubt that modern literary criticism has been influenced by the Darwinian worldview that dominated the modern era.
Anahita Partovi; Soheil Saadatinia; Nadia Hajipour
Abstract
The present study is aimed to compare the conceptual metaphor of “grief” in Marsiya(written by Mullah Ali Fakher) and Habsieh(written by Masud Sa’ad Salman) poems, from cognitive semantics point of view. Data includes 4300 verses from selected Marsiya and about 18000 verses from Habsieh. ...
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The present study is aimed to compare the conceptual metaphor of “grief” in Marsiya(written by Mullah Ali Fakher) and Habsieh(written by Masud Sa’ad Salman) poems, from cognitive semantics point of view. Data includes 4300 verses from selected Marsiya and about 18000 verses from Habsieh. 12 names of mapping were found in Habsieh and 16 in Marsiya (including: “Power”, “Thing”, “pain”, “Disaster”, “Hardship”, “Human”, “living thing”, “Time/Event”, “Material”, “Element of nature”, “Container”, “fire”, “Utensil”, “Food”, “Captivity”,” Disease”, “Plant” and “culture” . 8 names of mapping are common in both Habsieh and Marsiya including: “Thing”, “Human”, “Fire”, “Material”, “Dish/container”, “Utensil”, “Food/edible” and “Disease”. But Habsieh and Marsiya are different in elaborating the feeling of “grief”. For instance “grief” with the name of mapping “Human” is a broody and depressed human being in Marsiya while in Habsieh , “grief” with the name of mapping “Human” is a friend and companion for a man who is alone in prison.
Mahdiee Ebrahimi; fateme casi
Abstract
In the novel, “Fire without smoke” , Nader Ebrahimi introduces many of the cultural components of Turkmens desert people such as customs, beliefs, beliefs, etc. As no comprehensive research has ever been done with this title, the current paper aims to extract and study the cultural properties ...
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In the novel, “Fire without smoke” , Nader Ebrahimi introduces many of the cultural components of Turkmens desert people such as customs, beliefs, beliefs, etc. As no comprehensive research has ever been done with this title, the current paper aims to extract and study the cultural properties of " Fire withouth smoke" as far as possible in an analytical-descriptive method. The Smoke-Free Fire novel divided under the main titles: The religious beliefs and customs, the family, the essentials of life, beliefs and traditions, and inconsistency with the ruling ideology, that each of these main titles will include sub-titles associated with them. In this chapter, under each title, first of all it is attempted to introduce a brief description of the origin and nature of that title, and then the extracted samples of the novel text are analyzed based on theoretical foundations. After recognizing these cultural elements, the reason for many of the behaviors and the remarks of the characters of the novel is determined by the influence of the ideology and ruling hegemony, and all the elements of the novel, as part of a general structure that reflects the cultural and anthropological characteristics of the community under discussion, plays its role and in this way, an understanding, though brief, of the cultural components is achieved such as personality and values of the Turkmen people during the period of the work
Naser Poorhabibi; Mohammad Gholamrezaie; Touraj Aghdaie; Hosein Arian
Abstract
Children's and adolescent literature is diverse and can be examined from different perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to study personality and characterization in the stories of Houshang Moradi Kermani based on the theory of personality in Karen Hornai's thought. The study is ...
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Children's and adolescent literature is diverse and can be examined from different perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to study personality and characterization in the stories of Houshang Moradi Kermani based on the theory of personality in Karen Hornai's thought. The study is methodologically qualitative. The study population included stories of children and adolescents selected and analyzed by Houshang Moradi Kermani. Among the author's stories, there are a selection of stories whose characters can be compared to Karen Horney's theory of psychological analysis. The results show that the fundamental antagonism of the characters has led them to fall into three types of secrets, supremacy and isolationism. All personality types have resorted to idealism to relieve suffering and neurotic abuse, masking themselves deliberately or unconsciously with others and feeling that they have concealed the true self from others. In all of the characters in the stories, fundamental anxiety is seen as the most fundamental principle in Horny's theory, an anxiety that originated in the family, environment, and society and was imposed during childhood and turned into destructive neurotic behavior.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Motahareh Azadi khah; Maryam Amir arjomand; Mandana Hashemi
Abstract
The purpose and meaning of life is currently one of the most difficult and important questions for human beings. Today, answering this question and addressing this issue is felt more than ever. Victor Frankl is a theorist who has answered this question through his difficult experiences. In his doctrine, ...
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The purpose and meaning of life is currently one of the most difficult and important questions for human beings. Today, answering this question and addressing this issue is felt more than ever. Victor Frankl is a theorist who has answered this question through his difficult experiences. In his doctrine, which is called "meaning therapy", he has tried to remind human that everyone should discover a meaning in his life and institution so that he can overcome hardships and avoid emptiness and despair. Frankel believes that purpose and meaning should be such that even the most difficult moments of life are meaningful. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of meaning therapy in the poetry of two contemporary poets, Shamloo and the Third Brotherhood, and to compare the views of these two poets on the meaning of life in order to provide solutions to the meaning of life. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method; In this way, first three important components of this theory are explained and then in the poetry of Shamloo and the Third Brotherhood are studied and compared. The statistical population in this research is a complete collection of works of two poets. The result of this research shows that Shamloo has accepted the three components of love, suffering and death and has found meaning to continue living from each of them; And unlike him, the Third Brotherhood suffers from an existential vacuum and is constantly in revolt against his life.
Faranak Jahangard; Rahman Naghizadeh
Abstract
Wolf is an animal who is found in many parts of the world and it has always attracted human attention to itself for its compatibility with different climates and its unique features in lifestyle and hunting; and it has entered the myths of various tribes. In the myths of many peoples of eastern and western, ...
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Wolf is an animal who is found in many parts of the world and it has always attracted human attention to itself for its compatibility with different climates and its unique features in lifestyle and hunting; and it has entered the myths of various tribes. In the myths of many peoples of eastern and western, especially among the Romans, Turks, and Mongols, the wolf has similar functions such as the ancient ancestor, breeding, guiding, fertility, support and protection, etc… and is worshiped as a Totem. But in Iranian mythology, there are no such acts, and very limited tasks are assigned to the wolf. In Persian epic texts, Turanians are often associated with wolves. This comparative study seeks to find the answer to the question of what wolves do in the myths of other nations, and which creatures have these acts in Iranian mythology. According to this study most of these works in Persian mythology are doing by Simurgh; although the similarity between Simurgh and Falcon (Varghan) makes this presence more prominent. Another function that the wolf has in the myths of other nations, it has been seen in lion and Bahram of Persian mythology.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Hoda Esmaeiltabar; Esmaeil Najar
Abstract
Conducting comparative literary studies is one of the essential subjects and approaches in literature nowadays. American school of comparative literature provides a suitable framework for research on themes, opinions, and hidden concepts of works irrespective of their original language. In this article, ...
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Conducting comparative literary studies is one of the essential subjects and approaches in literature nowadays. American school of comparative literature provides a suitable framework for research on themes, opinions, and hidden concepts of works irrespective of their original language. In this article, we compare the play An Eye for an Eye, by an Iranian playwright Gholam Hossein Saedi, and The Tempest by a French Black writer and poet Aime Cesaire. This research, by using the American school of comparative literature and by drawing from Foucault's theories, scrutinizes the similarities and differences between these two plays. In Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Foucault explains various governments' methods of punishment throughout history. People in power, by using their own approved system of thoughts and punishments, put common people of society under pressure, and chastise them. Foucault does not necessarily think these punishments are deterrent or adequate to the crime committed by a criminal, yet his/her body is used as a penal and correctional system. It will be examined that in these two cases the kings’ presence as the highest member of power is the only determinant of punishment. The absence of a judiciary system in both plays highlights the fact that much of the government's actions are baseless and biased. In An Eye for an Eye, the dominant system prefers corporal punishments whereas in The Tempest it privileges the mental/psychological one. Foucault believes that dominant institutions sometimes use punishment for its dramatic nature in order to intimidate people. This nature of punishment is represented and noticeable in both of our selected plays.
soussan jabri
Abstract
This study does an archetypal reading of Ghesehaye Irani and examines the process of individuation and how things that form the process happen. The question is how in such a process the hero gets rejoining with anima and animus. Analyzing the content of the Ghesehaye Irani text, first we found the manifestation ...
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This study does an archetypal reading of Ghesehaye Irani and examines the process of individuation and how things that form the process happen. The question is how in such a process the hero gets rejoining with anima and animus. Analyzing the content of the Ghesehaye Irani text, first we found the manifestation of archetypes, and then the two-stage nature of the process of individuation - which falls into two categories of Wisdom-driven and power-driven - became known. Findings show that there are complicated links between the hero’s ego, or the conscious part, and unconscious parts such as anima, animus, the wise old man, and the shadow. The shadow is of the same nature as the hero, and the unknown, repressed, and challenging part of the psyche. Things that happen in the process of individuation are based on challenges caused by the shadow for the hero. The tales with their bipartite and sometimes epizod structure go through two stages. In the first stage, the hero’s effort to join with anima or animus. This symbolizes socialization of the individual in the first half of life. In other stage of rejoining, the hero’s join to anima and animus runs up against problems, and to get rejoining with them, he has to have a decisive battle against the shadow. At this point, there are female and male narratives of the realization of individuality. In the female Wisdom-driven narrative, the hero triumphs over the shadow with the guidance and assistance of the wise old man, and gets rejoining with animus, often forgiving and accepting the shadow after he has defeated it. In the male power-driven narrative, the hero still has the guidance and assistance of the wise old man, yet, relying on his power in a head-to-head battle, overcomes the shadow and often kills or drives it away.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Elham Ebrahimi; Amier Abas Azizifar
Abstract
Introduction
Mokhtari's Shahryar nameh is one of the epic and mythological poems with a relatively large volume, the structure of which contains a main narrative and several sub-narratives. A romance has been expressed that, according to the action and confrontation of the characters in them, in the ...
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Introduction
Mokhtari's Shahryar nameh is one of the epic and mythological poems with a relatively large volume, the structure of which contains a main narrative and several sub-narratives. A romance has been expressed that, according to the action and confrontation of the characters in them, in the depth and depth of these romantic sub-narratives, various similarities and combinations with mythological themes and components can be found, and these mythological components can reflect certain fields of psychology. For this reason, in this research, the recognition of such mythological components in the romantic sub-narratives of Shahryar nameh and the explanation of the possibility or impossibility of reflecting the psychological fields through these mythological components, is presented as an important research problem, and their analysis can provide an answer to the research problem. In this research, three major questions are raised as follows: 1. Can the romantic narratives of Shahryar nameh Mokhtari be a subject to be investigated in terms of mythological and psychological criticism?
In case of a positive answer to the first question; What is the mythology of Shahryar nameh 's love stories in terms of mythological criticism of the narrator?
What archetypes or areas of psychological science do these myths reflect in their depth?
The theory proposed in this research states that the romantic narratives in Shahryar nameh, like many epic stories, narrate various myths that can be analyzed from the point of view of psychology. Regarding the background of the research, only a few researches have been conducted on the subject of Shahryar nameh: Reza Ghafouri (2016) in an article titled "Attitude to Shahryar nameh and its Compilation Period" has investigated the most important differences between several manuscripts. Hassanpour and Qavam (2021) in the article "Archetypal Criticism of Shahryar nameh based on Jung's theory" based on Jung's analytical psychology in a different way from the method of this article by analyzing the symbolic numbers of the poem and Nine steps of Shahryar, his journey and journey in nine steps are symbolized.
Review
Among the heroic texts of Iran, the story of the bravery of Shahryar is found in the Shahryar nameh poem, and in the Iranian folk texts. This work contains a main narrative and several sub-narratives. The main narrative of this work is the story of Shahryar, Barzo's son, from Sistan and going to India and finally returning to Iran and Sistan. All the sub-narratives of this work are eventually somehow connected with Shahryar's story. Many of the adventures in this poem are reminiscent of the stories of the Shah nama; In a way that in many places the poet clearly refers to the above-mentioned stories, such as: kidnapping of Delaram by Mezrab Div following the story of Akwan Div, nine steps of Shahryar like seven steps of Rostam, … In this article, only two relatively romantic narratives related to Shahryar are analyzed, each of them in one of the layers of meaning is a manifestation of Carl Gustav Jung's theories of individuality process and perfectionist self-knowledge and George Fraser's fertility myth. According to Jung, due to the collective unconscious origin of the subjects and the basis of legends, myths and stories are common and specific and are repeated always and everywhere, in fact, archetypes are the materials of the hereditary building of the human psyche in the formation of literary works. According to this reading, Zabul (Iran) is in the self-conscious state of Shahryar, who, due to Zal's (symbolic father) Shahryar's blame and lack of attention, has left it and entered the unconscious (India) by turning his back on the current reality. At this stage of his life, a wise and helpful old man in the form of a merchant takes care of him and provides the ground for change and exit from this stage by taking Shahryar to the public meeting of Arjang Shah and playing polo. During Arjang Shah's visit, the unruly elephant, attacked, who kills people and arms in the city square (sparks of power and inner ability), plays the role of a shadow in Shahryar's psyche, which, when Shahryar overcomes it, falls to the lower layers of the unconscious, and pushed back. After acting, Shahryar, by attracting the positive look and trust of Arjang Shah (symbolic father), again faced his real and class face, the warrior class, and accepted it, and with the meeting of Arjang Shah's daughter (Anima) and the projection of failed love and lack of affection Finally, by accepting the social role of a warlord, his motherly self reaches a psychological balance and harmony between consciousness and unconsciousness. A god or a hero goes to battle with the dragon and kills him, as a result, the water flows again and is free, and once again greenness and vitality return to nature.
Conclusion
From the point of view of Jung's psychological analysis, in this work, Zabul (Iran) is in the self-conscious state of Shahryar, who, due to Zal's (symbolic father) blame and lack of attention, Shahryar leaves it and enters India (the realm of the unconscious) and by choosing clothes and the mask of agriculture lives with anonymity instead of the mask of the warrior class; But as soon as he meets and gets to know the Iranian merchant (the wise old man of the story), the ground for his transformation is provided, and by confronting and overcoming the elephant, he becomes repressed (the shadow) and attracts the positive look and trust of Arjang Shah (the symbolic father) again with his real and classy face. That is, the warrior class faced and accepted it, and by marrying Arjang Shah's daughter (Anima), he reached harmony between consciousness and unconsciousness and went through the process of separation. From the point of view of the myth of dragon slaying and fertility, Shahryar is the hero of dragon slaying, who follows the abduction of the goddess of fertility (Delaram) by a dragon or a drought demon (Mezrab-Div) under the guidance of a worldly person (Jumhorshah) with the aim of releasing the goddess, steps on the path of Noh Khan and by going through different stages, he succeeds in freeing the girl from the whole (the world of the dead) and accomplishes his mission. In another reading, Shahryar is a martyred god who is symbolically killed by the conspiracy of a rival god (Frank) and is imprisoned in a whole (the world of the dead) until the goddess of fertility (Delaram) travels to the world of the dead with a disguised face and causes freedom and return.
Literary interdisciplinary research
Tahereh Ishany; Maryam Ameli Rezaei; Ali Janmohammadi
Abstract
By analyzing the different layers of the text, critical stylistics seeks to identify hidden concepts beneath the surface of the language and to discover the ideology that governs it and the networks of power in the text. Given that the Dervishian are ideological, protesting, and critical writers of the ...
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By analyzing the different layers of the text, critical stylistics seeks to identify hidden concepts beneath the surface of the language and to discover the ideology that governs it and the networks of power in the text. Given that the Dervishian are ideological, protesting, and critical writers of the time, understanding the ideologies and, consequently, the social, economic, and cultural disorders of his day is of great importance among his works. The present study was done with a critical stylistic approach and in a layered manner using descriptive-analytical and statistical methods; It seeks to answer these questions: First, what are the most obvious stylistic features of Ali Ashraf Darvishian's stories with regard to layered stylistics? What is the hidden ideology of the hypertext of Dervishian stories? And how are power relations manifested in the stories of Ali Ashraf Darvishian? The results of this study indicate that the most prominent feature of the style of Darvishian's stories is the application of the element of the centralization and the author's ideology includes "fight against poverty", "fight against ignorance", "fight against injustice" and "fight against tradition". Also, as can be seen from the Darvishian stories and looking at Michel Foucault's definition of power, it can be said that power in this series of stories is a chain, complex and layered category at all levels of society.
Mina Behnam
Abstract
The category of adaptation as one of the branches of comparative literature is an attempt to create new texts based on the construction and content of previous texts.. Regardless of comparative literature, this topic communicates between literature as speech and writing and cinema, theater and painting ...
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The category of adaptation as one of the branches of comparative literature is an attempt to create new texts based on the construction and content of previous texts.. Regardless of comparative literature, this topic communicates between literature as speech and writing and cinema, theater and painting as image with an intertextual view and attempts to discover the relationship in these areas. The sampling is based on the stories of Sheikh San'an, Bersiesa, Jorayge, Faust, Antoine Saint and Ta'iees.Primarily, the problem of this research is the study of the structure of stories and the discovery of similarity and difference of them; then, the processing of such stories is done based on Joly Sanders's theory of adaptation. The discovery of the transformation of characters and the different destiny of the hero is the result of the first problem and the discovery of the influence of ideology on the process of adaptation of the director, the painter and screenwriter, as well as the use of the elements of these stories on the basis of time and audience needs, is the result of the main problem of this research
amineh feizi; Rahman .
Abstract
Abstract
Regarding the factors of environmental crises in the new era, various views and opinions have been made, some of the scientific developments are considered to be the most important factor, which undoubtedly is the most important factor in the destruction, but people such as Lein White and others ...
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Abstract
Regarding the factors of environmental crises in the new era, various views and opinions have been made, some of the scientific developments are considered to be the most important factor, which undoubtedly is the most important factor in the destruction, but people such as Lein White and others regard religious attitudes as one of the main causes of these crises. However, by referring to religious and mystical texts, it is deduced that in religious and mystical teachings there are many points about nature and its conservation, which can be used to improve the relationship between man and nature Can be fruitful. Therefore, mysticism as a social institution in a period of Iranian Islamic history and culture has had different discourses in different fields. The common discourse in mysticism that can be mentioned is environmental discourse, which is widely used by mystics in mystical texts. The authors of this article have been looking for useful environmental discourses in these texts, resulting in useful discourses such as harassment of nature, kindness and compassion for all beings, the rights of nature, balance and harmony in nature, The union of man and nature.
Keywords: discourse, environment, natural rights, mysticism
MILAD PARNIANI; MONIREH KAZEMI RASHED; VALI DINPARAST; MANIZHEH SADRI
Abstract
Archetypes as indicators of analytic psychology can be effective in in-depth historical analysis. In this research, after defining the archetypes and introducing the local and Mobad archetypes, the role of such psychological talents in ulama’s response to the events (political, social and cultural) ...
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Archetypes as indicators of analytic psychology can be effective in in-depth historical analysis. In this research, after defining the archetypes and introducing the local and Mobad archetypes, the role of such psychological talents in ulama’s response to the events (political, social and cultural) occurred during the Middle Islamic era were examined. The main question is as follows: To what extent have the scholars of Islam in the cultural geography of Iran been affected by such archetypes? The question can be answered through determining and analyzing some behaviors of the ulama in the social, cultural, and even individual fields. The research findings indicate a distinction focusing on the return to the old religious ideas potentially possessed by Islamic scholars. According to the nature of the subject, an analytical method was adopted in this study.
Mina Behnam
Abstract
In this paper are examined the structures of the Rumi's mind in Image processing in Qazaliyat-e- Shams. Fundamental theoretical of research is one of the categories of cognitive linguistics, entitled The Approach of Mental Spaces and the Perceptual Integration. It shows how Rumi uses the information ...
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In this paper are examined the structures of the Rumi's mind in Image processing in Qazaliyat-e- Shams. Fundamental theoretical of research is one of the categories of cognitive linguistics, entitled The Approach of Mental Spaces and the Perceptual Integration. It shows how Rumi uses the information that enters his mind and expresses it in his style. The result is that the two main associative factors that are influential in the visual structure of Qazaliyat-e- Shams are the similarity of origin and the contradiction of the two mental domains. The constant repetition of incongruous and ambiguous symbols throughout Qazaliyat-e- Shams is as meaningful as day, night, light, and darkness, and helps the audience understand the meaning of the Narrator. Part of Rumi's imagery is a combination of abstract -sensory domain. Visualizing abstract concepts and bringing them into the text world is one of the functions of the metaphor in Rumi's opinion.
ali asghar habibi; reza asghari
Abstract
Psychological review is one of the new areas of literary criticism where a critic studies spiritual motivations and emotions and factors that affect the creation of a literary work relying on psychology fundamentals and studies the effect of environment, society and traditions on development of these ...
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Psychological review is one of the new areas of literary criticism where a critic studies spiritual motivations and emotions and factors that affect the creation of a literary work relying on psychology fundamentals and studies the effect of environment, society and traditions on development of these currents through expressing the poet's internal affairs. Freud was the initiator and pioneer of psychological criticism in twentieth century. Freud's famous analysis was about mind structure and works, body pattern, ego and superego. Abulala Ma'arri (937-1057) and Shuride Shirazi (1857-1927) were two blind Arab and Iranian poets who lost their vision during child period but they could offer literature and works. The present study conducts comparative study on poet character psychology in Seqt Alzan of Abulala Ma'arri and Shuride Shirazi Court with analytic- descriptive approach. The results of this study suggest that poets’ blindness leads to evident disappointment within them and their poems express their desire to beauty and visit and use defense- psychological mechanisms such as compensation, revocation, displacement, humiliation in order to reduce the anxiety arisen from their blindness.
