mohammad keshavarz beyzai
Abstract
The art and literature are the most trustable objects and can reflect the history of the society. The poets and the artist are the conscience and the voices of their time. The changes and transformations in the social and historical aspects could be put into literature if there is originality and subjectivity. ...
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The art and literature are the most trustable objects and can reflect the history of the society. The poets and the artist are the conscience and the voices of their time. The changes and transformations in the social and historical aspects could be put into literature if there is originality and subjectivity. The poems are predator and manifesto of the passion, impulses and numerous social pains, so it acts like a cutter cultural media and records varieties of the injuries and social and historical crisis of the country. As a historical and cultural memory of Persian society as well as one of the critics of historical and social situation in Eighth century AH, Hafiz received so many social and historical injuries in his time and reacted to them in his poems. This research with its historical approach and analytic-descriptive method concentrates on social and historical injuries in Eighth century AH in his divan. The findings show that Hafiz included the social and historical injuries of his time such as insecurity and instability, determinism and fatalism, treason, hypocrisy and duality, mistrust and the domination of viciousness over virtue for awareness of the readers. Hafiz suggested the probable alternatives and the solutions such as patience, willingness, faithfulness, love and monotheism, testing and pragmatism, wisdom and dervish versus this injuries.
MOHAMMAD KESHAVARZ BEIZAIEE; REZA MOEENI ROUDBALI; KOBRA ORIANI; MOJTABA REZAIEE SARCHEGHA
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study SaadiShiraz’shistorical knowledge in Gulistan and Bustan. The knowledges and concepts of Saadi in history are abstruse points in creation of those two great works in Persian literature and there is little attention to them. This question will be answered ...
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The purpose of this research is to study SaadiShiraz’shistorical knowledge in Gulistan and Bustan. The knowledges and concepts of Saadi in history are abstruse points in creation of those two great works in Persian literature and there is little attention to them. This question will be answered in this article; what are the concepts and knowledge of Saadi in history for creation of these two works and which concepts and elementsadumbrate them? The principle assumption of this research is that the social and personal experiences of Saadi have a great effect on his historical knowledge. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the results show that a combination of individual, historical, and social factors which were effective in formation of intellectual and historical knowledge of Saadi: his education in Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad as the eldest cultural center of Islamic worlds, searching for the new horizons in turbulent era, and study of historical and cultural texts- by the social security ofSalghoriān. The great textual historical knowledge of Saadi caused appearance of his preconceived knowledge in some of his poetries and proses which are included the concepts and characteristics such as irrelevancy of god shadowing, tactility, efforts for application of element, historical concepts and characters, - mythical, homeland, Islamic- and consideration of history as an instrument for teaching morality in the form of stories, allegories, symbols, Allusion with attractive and magical technique.
