Mona Alimadadi
Abstract
The constitutional system in 1285 A.H. established, and it's aim was compensating for the backwardness, reforming the affairs and the progress and promotion of the country in the world but it soon failed, plunging the country into unprecedented political, economic, and social chaos. It was under these ...
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The constitutional system in 1285 A.H. established, and it's aim was compensating for the backwardness, reforming the affairs and the progress and promotion of the country in the world but it soon failed, plunging the country into unprecedented political, economic, and social chaos. It was under these circumstances Iranian intellectuals realized the only way out of successive crises was the establishment of a "powerful enlightened tyranny." They pursued two goals from this idea: first, that with the coming to power of a powerful government, Iran could regain its past glory; Secondly, in powerful government, fundamental reforms should be carried out in order to modernize and develop the country and raise its position in the world. In this article, the author intends to explore the literature of the time, the tendency of some Iranian poets and writers to enlighten tyranny / powerful national government with the aim of restoring Iran to its ancient glory and achieving modernity. The question raised in this article is how and in what way is the tendency towards enlightened tyranny (as a political approach) reflected in post-constitutional literature (from 1285 A.D. to 1310 A.H.)? The result of this research was that the tendency towards enlightened tyranny has been manifested in four ways in the literature of this period: 1. Expressing concern about post-constitutional unrest. 2. Criticism of the failure to achieve the slogans and goals of constitutionalists. 3. The desire for the emergence of a powerful government to organize the affairs of the country. 4. Nationalism.
Eftekhar Gasemzadeh; Fatemeh Ahmadvand
Abstract
Sadegh Hedayat is one of the most important figures of the westernist intellectual current in twentieth-century Iran and one of the most famous modern Iranian novelists. Among his many works, historical writings have a significant place and, more importantly, the historical attitudes of this author who ...
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Sadegh Hedayat is one of the most important figures of the westernist intellectual current in twentieth-century Iran and one of the most famous modern Iranian novelists. Among his many works, historical writings have a significant place and, more importantly, the historical attitudes of this author who has been the motivation and motivation for writing many of his works. This research has tried to provide an analysis of the historically valuable works of this author, to recognize the historiographical understanding and historical attitudes of Hedayat and seeks to find answers to these questions: What is the place of history in Hedayat's works? And what are the most important components in their historical attitudes?; Therefore, these works are classified in three main forms of historical dramas with the theme of ancient frustration of Iranians subjugated against non-Iranian attacks, correction, and translation of Pahlavi historical texts from the Sassanid era and works with the anthropological theme. Analytical knowledge of these works, which is provided by the descriptive-analytical method and conceptual study of his literary works, shows that nationalist attitude, historical antiquity, and Zoroastrianism, and racist enmity with non-Iranian elements are the main components of historical attitudes. Make up the lead.
